Chp 1 Bones And Muscles Flashcards
The functions of the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems
Protection Support Storage Leverage Mineral balance Blood cell production
The neuromuscular and musculoskeletal system consists of
Skeletal system - bones and joints Skeletal muscle system - voluntary muscles Ligaments -Bone to bone Cartilage - shock absorbing gel Tendons - bone to muscles
The functions: protection
Protection for vital organs
Brain - skull
Lungs - ribs
Spinal cord - vertebral column
The functions: support
Posture
Attachment site for muscles
The functions: storage
Storage of:
Fuels
Fats
Minerals
The functions: leverage
Allow movement to occur
The functions: mineral balance
Homeostasis
The functions: blood cell production
Haematopoiesis
The vertebral column
- involved in 95% of movement
33 bones - 24 unfused
7-12-5-5-4
The cervical vertebra
7 unfused bones
Neck
Top 2 - atlas and axis allow the head to
Move
The thoracic vertebrae
12 unfused
Protects heart and lungs
1-7 attach to sternum
The lumbar vetebrae
- 5 unfused
Weight carrying
Attachment site for muscles
The sacrum
5 fused
Fused to pelvis
Weight of upper body
The coccyx
4 fused
Tailbone
Attachment site for muscles
Types of joints
Fixed or fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fixed or fibrous joint
No movement
Skull,pelvis
Cartilaginous joint
Slight movement
Ribs, lumbar
Synovial joint
Move freely
Hip, knee, limbs
Types of bones
Short
Long
Flat
Irregular
Short bone example
Carpals
Long bone example
Tibia
Flat bone example
Pelvis, cranium
Irregular bone example
Spine/ vertebrae
6 synovial joints
Pivot Gliding Ball and socket Hinge Saddle Condyloid
Pivot joint
Uniaxial rotation
Atlas, axis
Gliding joint
Flat bones glide past each other
Biaxial
Carpals , tarsals
Ball and socket joint
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal / external rotation
Shoulder, hip
Hinge joint
Uniaxial
Flexion and extension
Knee, elbow
Saddle joint
Concave/convex bones align
Biaxial
Carpo-metacarpal joint of thumb
Condyloid / ovoid joint
Like hinge joint but slight rotation
Biaxial, Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, curcumduction