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Chp 17 > Chp 19 part 1 > Flashcards

Chp 19 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the lumen

A

Space inside the vessel mostly occupied by blood.

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2
Q

3 layers of wall structures

A

Tunica intima(interna)
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia(externa)

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3
Q

list the layers of the tunica intima

A

Endothelium
Sub-endothelia layer
Internal elastic lamina

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4
Q

describe their tissue structure and position (superficial versus deep)

A

Endothelium (next to the lumen); layer of simple squamous epithelium
Sub-endothelia layer (superficial to endothelium); made of connective tissue; contains a lot of collagen
Internal elastic lamina (superficial to sub-endothelia layer); network of elastic fibers

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5
Q

what is the significance of collagen in sub-endothelial layer?

A

Protects against unwanted blood clotting

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6
Q

arrangement of the smooth muscle cells:

A

Arranged in a circular pattern

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7
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle in the tunica media?

A

contract= constrict the vessel reducing blood flow but increasing blood pressure
relax= they dilate the blood vessel increasing blood flow but decreasing blood pressure.

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8
Q

What controls contraction of smooth muscle

A

ANS and chemical messengers

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9
Q

what is the function of elastic fibers in the tunica media

A

Allow vessel to expand and recoil

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10
Q

which vessels have an external elastic lamina?

A

Elastic and muscular arteries

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11
Q

describe the tunica adventitia (location and tissue structure):

A

Most superficial layer of a blood vessel; dense irregular c.t. supports blood vessel wall

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12
Q

where are the vasa vasora and what is their function

A

Small blood vessels, Perfuse the tunica media and the tunica adventitia

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13
Q

basic function for each of the three major vessel types

A

-arteries: carry blood away from the heart
-capillaries: allow exchange of materials between blood and tissue fluid
-veins: return blood to the heart

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14
Q

how does the wall, size and shape of an artery differ from those of a vein?

A

the walls are thicker

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15
Q

why do arteries have thick walls?

A

blood is under higher pressure

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16
Q

elastic / conducting arteries Size and diameter

A

Largest in diameter; closest to the heart

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17
Q

What is the function of elastic / conducting arteries

A

distribute blood to major region of body

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18
Q

composition of tunica media in elastic/ conducting arteries

A

circular sheets of elastin fibers with almost no smooth muscle

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19
Q

what happens during diastole of elastic/ conducting arteries

A

Recoil to maintain blood pressure

20
Q

muscular arteries size and location:

A

Middle size; distal to elastic arteries

21
Q

composition of tunica media in muscular arteries

A

Very thick;mostly smooth muscle with elastic fibers

22
Q

What is the function of muscular arteries

A

Dialate and constrict to Regulate blood flow to individual organ

23
Q

arterioles arteries Size

A

Smallest arteries

24
Q

composition of tunica media in arteriole arteries

A

only smooth muscle

25
Q

What is the function of arteriole arteries

A

Determines blood flow and blood pressure

26
Q

What controls arteriole arteries

A

ANS and chemical messengers

27
Q

size and structure of capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels; consist of endothelial layer and a basal laminae only; NO TUNICA MEDIA or ADVENTITIA; diameter is 8-10 micrometers

28
Q

how are the endothelial cells held together in capillaries

A

Joined around their edges by tight junctions and desmosomes

29
Q

describe intercellular clefts

A

Opening between the cell junctions

30
Q

describe pericytes

A

Cells located between the endothelial cells and the basal laminae that surrounds the capillary

31
Q

three typesetting of capillaries

A

Continuous capillaries
Fenestrated capillaries
Sinusoids

32
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Intracellular clefts but no fenestra
permeability varies with their number and type of tight junctions that join the endothelial cells together
- least permeable are in the blood brain barrier where there are no intracellular clefts and almost continuous tight junctions

33
Q

fenestrated capillaries

A

High permeability
Fenestrated
intracellular clefts found in small intestines, synovial joints, and kidneys

34
Q

sinusoids

A

wide leaky capillaries
fenestrated
fewer cell junctions
very large intracellular clefts
found wherever the passage of large particles through the capillary wall is necessary
e.g. bone marrow ,spleen, and liver

35
Q

describe the structure of a capillary bed:

A

NOT LINEAR branching networks that run between a met arteriole and a venule

36
Q

how is flow through capillaries controlled?

A

small rings of smooth muscle called PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS

37
Q

what is an anastomosis and their function

A

Occurs when vessels join mid stream Provide alternate passage for blood flow called COLLATERAL CHANNELS

38
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

pressure: low

driven by: right ventricle

function: takes blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and to get rid of carbon dioxide

oxygen level in arteries: low; not full; 75%

oxygen level in veins: high;98%

39
Q

Systemic circuit

A

functions: Perfuses the body with high oxygen, low carbon dioxide blood
-distributes nutrients from the digestive track to the body and collects waste and takes them to the kidney for excretion

pressure: high; 95-100 millimeters of mercury
-large pressure gradient is needed to push blood from heart to every tissue in the body and then back to the heart

driven by: contraction of the left ventricle

40
Q

arteries that supply the circle of Willis

A

L/R internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries

41
Q

describe the location of the vertebral arteries in circle of Willis

A

Pass transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae on their way up to the cranium

42
Q

path of internal carotid a.:

A

Enters the skull through the carotid canal and divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

43
Q

path of internal carotid a.:

A

Enters the skull through the carotid canal and divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries

44
Q

path of vertebral a.:

A

Enter the skull through the frame and magnum, and run anteriorly until the anastomose, inferior to the medulla oblongada

45
Q

what is the function of the hepatic portal system

A

Picks up materials from the digestive system and takes them directly to the liver

Chp 17 (3 decks)

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