Chp. 19 fundamentals

Question 1

Caries

Answer 1

Cavities

Question 2

Cerumen

Answer 2

Waxy substance secreted by ceruminous glands (modified sweat glands)

Question 3

Dermis

Answer 3

Inner, thinner layer of the skin

Question 4

Diaphoresis

Answer 4

Excessive sweating

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

Outer, thicker layer of the skin

Question 6

Eschar

Answer 6

Tough, necrotic tissue

Question 7

Exacerbation

Answer 7

An increase in the severity or symptoms of a disease

Question 8

Halitosis

Answer 8

Bad breath

Question 9

Hygiene

Answer 9

Proper care of the skin, hair, teeth, and nails to promote good health by protecting the body from infection and disease and to provide a sense of well-being.

Question 10

Induration

Answer 10

An area that feels hard

Question 11

Integumentary

Answer 11

System contains the skin, hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 12

Maceration

Answer 12

Softening of tissue that increases the chance of trauma or infection

Question 13

Melanin

Answer 13

The main determinant of skin color

Question 14

Reactive hyperemia

Answer 14

Is the process in which the blood rushes to a place where there was a decrease in circulation

Question 15

Sebaceous

Answer 15

Glands, secrete an oily substance called sebum

Question 16

Sebum

Answer 16

An oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands.

Question 17

Syncope

Answer 17

Fainting

Question 18

Functions of the skin

Answer 18

Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, and excretion and secretion.

Question 19

Describe factors that influence personal hygiene practices

Answer 19

Economics- money for supplies mat not be available.
ability to perform self-care- maybe affected by mental or physical condition due to illness or injury.
personal preference- personal liking as to bathing every night or bathing every 2 days.
Different cultures have different views on hygiene practices.

Question 20

List skin areas most susceptible to pressure ulcer formation

Answer 20

Foot
Posterior knee
Ischial tuberosity
Saccrum and coccyx
Shoulder blade
Side of head
Shoulder
Illium
Trochanter
Perineum
Anterior knee
Malleolus
Rim of ear
Occiput
Dorsal thoracic area 
Elbow
Heel
***bony prominces***

Question 21

Suspected deep tissue injury

Answer 21

Localized discolored intact skin that is maroon or purple or a blood filled blister resulting from damage to underlying soft tissue from pressure or shearing. The area may be painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer, or cooler when compared to adjacent tissue.

Question 22

Stage I pressure ulcer

Answer 22

An area of red, deep pink, or mottled skin that does not blanch with fingertip pressure. In people with darker skin, discoloration of the skin, warmth, edema, or induration may be signs of a stage I pressure ulcer.

Question 23

Stage II pressure ulcer

Answer 23

Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and/or dermis. May look like an abrasion, a blister, or a shallow crater. The area surrounding the damaged skin may feel warmer.

Question 24

Stage III pressure ulcer

Answer 24

Full thickness skin loss that looks like a deep crater and may extend to the fascia. Subcutaneous tissue is damaged or necrotic. Bacterial infection of the ulcer is common and causes drainage from the ulcer. There may be damage to the surrounding tissue.

Question 25

Stage IV pressure ulcer

Answer 25

Full thickness skin loss with extensive tissue necrosis or damage to the muscle, bone, or supporting structures, sinus tracts may be present. Infection is usually wide spread. The ulcer may appear dry and black, with a build up of eschar or it can appear wet and oozing.

Question 26

Major Risk factors for pressure ulcers

Answer 26

Immobility, inactivity, moisture, malnutrition, advanced age, antered sensory perception, lowered mental awareness, friction and shear.
**contributing factors are dehydration obesity and edema **

Question 27

Blanch

Answer 27

Turn white, or in darker skin, become pale