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INTB-4 > CHP 15 > Flashcards

CHP 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Supply Chain Management?

A

coordinating and integrating the flow of materials, information, finances, and services w/i and among companies in the value chain from suppliers to consumer

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2
Q

What does Supply Chain refer to?

A

activities involved in producing products and services and how they are linked together

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3
Q

Supply chains are ____ to global ___ and ___ management…

A

integral; quality; cost

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4
Q

Operations in each step of the supply chain must be?

A

Synchronized

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5
Q

What are the 3 main key points for the Design of products and services?

A
  1. Operations can be standardized/adapted
  2. Traditional “over-the-wall” approach is sequential steps to design
  3. Alternative approaches are cross functional participation in each stage of design
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6
Q

What is a common solution to improving competitiveness, lowering costs while improving their products?

A

Outsourcing

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7
Q

What are the reasons for sourcing globally?

A

Primary reason= lower prices
no local availability of certain products
competition using better designed/quality

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8
Q

What are the 2 options when deciding to source internationally?

A

set up their own facilities or

outsource the production to other companies

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9
Q

What part of the value chain can be outsourced?

A

ANY! production design, materials, supplies, manufacturing/assembly, logistics, distribution, marketing, sales, service, HR

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10
Q

The rate at which developing nations shift to more sophisticated process is often more….

A

rapid than the initial emergence of these processes in a developed country

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11
Q

Emerging nation’s ability to transfer technology and processes previously invented and commercialized in more developed nations has…

A

avoided the cost and time of inventing these technologies on its own.

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12
Q

What are the 5 Global Sourcing Arrangements?

A
  1. Wholly owned subsidiary
  2. Overseas joint venture
  3. In-bond plant contractor
  4. Overseas independent contractor
  5. Independent overseas manufacturer
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13
Q

What is Wholly Owned subsidiary?

A

established in an country with low cost labor or producing a product not made in the home country

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14
Q

What is Overseas joint venture?

A

established where labor costs are lower to supply components to the home country

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15
Q

What is In-bond plant contractor?

A

Home country plant sends components to be machined and assembled or just assembled by an independant contractor in an in-bond plant

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16
Q

What is an Overseas independent contractor?

A

common in clothing industry, firms with no production facilities like DKNY and Nike contract foreign manufacturers to make clothing to their specifications with their label

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17
Q

What is the Importance of Global Sourcing?

A

Intrafirm trade b/w parent and foreign affiliate

  1. 30%-40% of exports
  2. 35%-45% of imports in US
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18
Q

What are the reasons for COGS rising?

A
  1. More complex products
  2. More focus on core business
  3. outsourcing activities lacking competitive ability
  4. pressure to reduce concept-to- market cycle times
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19
Q

When is Indirect Procurement used?

A

to purchase items not included in finished goods but necessary for business operations
ex: office equipment

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20
Q

What is E-purchasing?

A

catalog purchases update in real time, buyers and suppliers use standard bid/quote system, facilitation of letters of credit, contracting for logistics and distribution, monitoring daily prices and order flows

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21
Q

What are some benefits to E-purchasing?

A
  1. streamline operations
  2. Cut costs
  3. improve productivity
  4. cut invoice and ordering errors
  5. streamline supply chains
  6. Reach new markets
22
Q

What are some problems with Global sourcing?

A
  1. initial lower costs may not really be lower when all costs are connected to purchase
  2. Ties firm’s strategic objectives with explicit supplier objectieves
23
Q

B/c international firms maintain ___ facilities in countries at ___ levels of development, manufacturing systems ____ considerably in ___ and ___ from country to country

A

manufacturing; various; vary; cost; quality

24
Q

Advance production techniques can ____ quality and ____ cost

A

Enhance; Lower

25
Q

Advanced production systems are widely used and examples inculde

A

Just-in-time supply chain, synchronized manufacturing systems and computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)

26
Q

What is Logistics?

A

managerial functions associated with movement of materials, work in progress or finished goods

27
Q

T/F Outsourcing logistics is not an explored option?

A

False. its and Increasingly explored option

28
Q

Logistics services include:

A
  1. Shipping
  2. Warehousing
  3. Distribution Management
  4. Brokerage services
29
Q

What are standards?

A

documented agreements or precise criteria used as guidelines, rules, definitions of a product, service or process

30
Q

What helps ensure that materials, products, processes and services are appropriate for intended purpose

A

Standards

31
Q

In most countries, where and why are standards developed?

A

across product lines and for various functions

32
Q

International organization for Standardization (ISO)

A

5 universal standards for quality assurance

ISO 9000 and ISO 9001

33
Q

In organization and staffing, the effects of standardized is

A

Simpler and less costly

34
Q

Why is organization and staffing less costly and simpler when standardized?

A
  1. replication cuts cost by using less staff and labor hours

2. standardized manufacturing increases HQ effectiveness in keeping product specs current

35
Q

Having one integrated supply chain in logistics of supply does what?

A

increases profits

36
Q

What does standardization guarantee in logistics of supply?

A

interchangeable parts manufactured in different plants

37
Q

What is Manufacturing Rationalization?

A

change from subsidiary manufacturing only for national market to manufacturing for all markets

38
Q

What are some conditions to manufacturing rationalization?

A

product mix must first be rationalized

not viable if wide consumer taste and preference differences

39
Q

what is Purchasing under organizational and staffing?

A

unified purchasing passes volume discounts to subsidiaries

40
Q

What are the 2 components of Control?

A
  1. Quality control

2. Production maintenance control

41
Q

Under planning, it can be quicker and simpler because of the repetition of work already done including (5)…

A
  1. Design Engineers need only copy drawings and list of materials in their files
  2. Vendors will be requested to furnish equipment that they have supplied previously
  3. Labor trainers experience in operation machinery
  4. accurate forecasts of plant erection time and output based on existing facilities
42
Q

What often intervene to cause diversity in the units of muti-plant operation?

A

Foreign environmental forces

43
Q

What are the 3+1 types of environmental forces?

A
  1. Economical
  2. Cultural
  3. Political
  4. International Security
44
Q

What is economical forces?

A

production requirements vary among plans b/c of differences in market sizes

45
Q

What are the 3 options a plant designer has of selecting in Economical forces?

A
  1. Capital-intensive process
  2. Labor-intensive process
  3. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
46
Q

What is Capital intensive process?

A

using automated, high-output machinery

47
Q

What is Labor intensive process?

A

employ more people operating semi-manual general-purpose machinery

48
Q

What is Computer integrated manufacturing?

A

found in industrialized and developed nations due to high cost and high technological content

49
Q

What is a hybrid design?

A

used in plant design developing countries; incorporation of capital-intensive process essential for quality and Labor-intensive processes to take advantage of lower cost labor

50
Q

What is intermediate technology?

A

production methods b/w capital and labor intensive methods

51
Q

What is Basis for organization?

A

local production organization is commonly a scaled- down version of the parent company’s organization

52
Q

What are some Horizontal and vertical integration characteristics?

A
  1. local organizations rarely integrated
  2. additional investment is required
  3. countries may require local content of finished products
  4. overseas affiliate may become conglomerate when parent acquires a MNC

INTB-4 (7 decks)

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