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EMT 100 > Chp 12 Mod 4A > Flashcards

Chp 12 Mod 4A Flashcards

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1
Q

Common Medical Emergencies

A

Respiratory (Asthma, Emphysema)

Cardiovascular (Heart attack, congestive Heart Failure)

Neurologic (Seizure, stroke, syncope)

**Gastrointestinal **(Appendicitis, Pancreatitis)

**Urologic **(Kidney Stones)

**Endocrine **(Diabetes Mellitus)

**Hematologic **(Sickle Cell, Hemophilia)

**Immunologic **(Anaphylactic reaction, food allergy)

Toxicologic (Substance abuse, food/plant poisoning)

**Psychiatric **(Alzhemier, schizophrenia, Depression)

**Gynecologic **(Vaginal bleeding, STDs)

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2
Q

Tunnel Vision

A

-When you become focused on one aspect of the patient’s condition and exclude all others, thus causing you to miss an important injury or illness.

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3
Q

Causes Of Infectious Disease

A

Bacteria

**Viruses **

Fungi

Protozoa (Parasites)

Helminths (Parasites)

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4
Q

Herpes Simplex

A
  • Coomon Virus strain carried by humans.
  • 80% of individuals carruying it are asymptomatic, but symptomatic infections can be serious and are on he rise.
  • **The primary mode of infection is through close personal contact, so BSI/PPE are generally suficient to prevent the spread. **
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5
Q

HIV Infection

A
  • Causes acquired immunodeficency syndrome (AIDS)
  • Far less contagious then Hepatitis B.
  • Only a hazard when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream. This includes sexual contact or exposure to blood/body fluids.
  • Pateints who are infected to not show any symptoms.
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6
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Usually considered a STD, but it is also a bloodborne disease.
  • Small risk for transmission through a contaminated needlestick injury or direct blood to blood contact.
  • If treated with penicillin, individual is consered noncommunicable within 24-48 hours.
  • INfection produces a lesion called chancre most commonly located in the genital region.
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7
Q

Hepatitis (In General)

A
  • Refers to an inflammation and often infection of the liver.
  • Severity of toxin-induced hepatitis depends on the amount of agent absorbed and duration of exposure.
  • **Toxin-induced Hepatitis is not contagious. **
  • No sure way to tell which patients with hepatitis have a contagious form of the disease and which do not.
  • See other hepatitis cards for specific info.
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8
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hepatitis

A

-Early signs of viral hepatitis include:

–Loss of appeite

–Vomiting

–Fever

–Fatigue

–Sore throat

–Cough

–Muscle and Joint Pain

–RUQ pain develops

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9
Q

Meningitis

A
  • Inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Signs/Symptoms include:
  • Fever, headache, stiff neck, alterered Mental status.
  • It is an uncommon disease
  • Can be caused by viruses or bacteria
  • One form, Meningococcal meningitis is highly contagious.
  • Many states consider neingitis “repotable” and will notify you that one of yoru patients was diagnosed with meningitis which will lead to prophylactic treatement for you.
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10
Q

Meningococcus Menigitis

A
  • Colonizes human nose and throat.
  • Rarely causes an acute infection
  • When it does cause actue infection it can be lethal.
  • Patients who are infected often have red blotches on their skin. **However, many patients who have forms of meningitis that are NOT CONTAGIOUS also have red blotches. **
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11
Q

Hepatitis A

A

**Route of Infection: **Fecal-oral, infected food or drink, Can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection.

Incubation Period: 2-6 weeks.

**Chronic Infection: **Chronic condition does not exist

Vaccine/Treatment: Vaccine Yes, Treatment No

**Comments: **Mild illness; 2% of patients die. After acute infection, patient has life-long immunity.

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12
Q

Hepatitis B

A

Route of Infection: Blood, Sexual Contact, Saliva, Urine, Breast milk. This disease is FAR more infectious then HIV.

Incubation Period: 4-12 weeks.

**Chronic Infection: **Chronic infections affects up to 10% of patietns and up t 90% of newborns who have disease.

Vaccine/Treatment: Vaccine Yes; treatment is minimally effecitve.

**Comments: **Up to 30% become chronic carriers. Patients are asymptomatic and without signs of liver disease yet still may infect others. Approximately 1-2% of paitients die.

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13
Q

Hepatitis C

A

**Route of Infection: **Blood, Sexual Contact

**Incubation Period: **2-10 weeks

**Chronic Infection: **Chronic infection affects 90% of patients

**Vaccine/Treatment: **No vaccine available, treatment is iminmally effective.

Comments: Cirrhosis of the liver develops in 50% of patietns with chronic Hepatitis C. Chronic infection increases the risk of cancer of liver.

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14
Q

Hepatitis D

A

**Route of Infection: **Blood, Sexual Contact

**Incubation Period: **4-12 weeks

**Chronic Infection: **Chronic infection is common

**Vaccine/Treatment: **No Vaccine available, no treatment is available.

**Comments: **Occurs in patients with active hepatitis B Infection. Fulminant disease may develop in 20% of patients.

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15
Q

Medications, Drugs, and Alcohol (Toxin) induced Hepatits

A

**Route of Infection: **Inhalation, skin or mucous membrane exposure, oral ingestion, or intravenous administration.

**Incubation Period: **Within hours to days following exposure.

**Chronic Infection: **Some chemicals may initiate an inflammatory response that continues to cause liver damage long after the chemical is out of the body.

**Vaccine/Treatment: **No vaccine available; treatment is to stop exposure. In patients with an overdose of acetaminophen, certain drugs may minimize liver injury if given early enough.

**Comments: **This type is not contagious. Patients with toxin-induced hepatitis may have liver damage, such as jaundic. Not every exposure to a toxin will cause liver damage.

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16
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • Scientific term: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.
  • In US, tuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial disease that usually strikes the lungs.
  • Disease that occurs shortly after infetion is called Primary Tuberculosis. Except in infants, this isn’t usually serious.
  • After primary infection, tuberculosis will be rendered dormant by patient’s immune system. However even after decades of lying dormant, the germ can reactivate. This is much harder to treat.
  • Patients have a cough and is spread by airborne transmission where the nuclei in the droplets let out by cough can be suspended in air for a long time.
  • HEPA masks are required when dealing with Tuberculosis.
17
Q

Whooping Cough

A
  • Pertussis; airborne disease caused by bacteria that affects children younger than 6 years of age.
  • Signs and symptoms include:

–fever

–“Whoop” sound that occurs when patient tries to inhale after a coughing attack.

-Best way to prevent exposure is to place a mask on patient and on yourself.

18
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

A
  • MRSA
  • Bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibotics.
  • Believed to be transmitted from patient to patietn via unwashed hands.
  • 5%-15% of health care providers carry MRSA in their nares.
  • Pathogen can be transferred to skin and other areas of the body through a break in the skin.
  • Factors that increase the risk of MRSA developing incldue antibitoic therapy, prolonged hospital stays, a stay in intensive care/burn unit, and exposure to infected patient.
  • INcubation period for MRSA appears to be between 5 and 45 days.
  • Results in soft tissue infections.
19
Q

Hantavirus

A
  • A rare but deadly virus transmitted through rodent urine and droppings.
  • Eschericia coli (a common casue of pediatric diarrhea in develoipn countries) is being reported along side this dieases in rising numbers.
  • Not transmitted from person to person directly; rather they are carriebd by a vehicle such as food, or a vector, such as rodents.
20
Q

West Nile Virus

A
  • Virus’ vecotr is the mosquito and it affects both humans and birds.
  • Not communicable and do not pose a risk to you during patient care.
21
Q

SARS

A
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome.
  • Serious, life threatening viral infection.
  • Starts with flulike symptoms which may progress to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and in some cases, death.
  • Most cases have involved persons who lived with or cared for a person with SARS or who had expsure to contaminated secretions from a SARS patient.
22
Q

Avian Flu

A
  • Virus that occurs naturally in bird population
  • Carried by intestinal tract of wild birds and does not usually cause illness **but in domestic bird populations (such as chickens, ducks, turkeys) it is very contagious. **
  • Birds acquire illness from contact with contaimnated excretions or surfaces htat are contaiminated with excretions.
  • If an infected bird is used for food and is cooked, it does NOT pose a threat to those who eat it.
  • No rapid human to human cases of this disease have been reported.
23
Q

H1N1

A
  • Initially introduced as swine flu.
  • **Is Contagious **
  • Type of influenza amoung hundreds of other strains of influenze.

EMT 100 (5 decks)

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