Chp 12 Flashcards
List Basic Principles of Learning
Satisfying Stimulus
Reinforcement
Overlearning
Verbal and Nonverbal Association
Cognitive-perceptual readiness and Internal Motivation
The Ordering of Information
Stimulus-Response Associations and Discrimination Abilities
Cognitive Constructs
Multiple Discrimination and Generalization Response
Previous Knowledge
Critical Thinking Skills
Flexibility and Adaptation
Feedback
Balanced Growth and Development Patterns
If response to a stimulus is satisfying to oneself, the tendency for this is to be repeated under similar circumstances. The behavior is reinforced, developed, and internalized
Satisfying Stimulus
Immediate, positive, tangible or intangible reinforcement through praise, reward, or recognition are major conditions for successful behavior change
Reinforcement
increases memory and improves learning performance. Frequent application of the learned principles into practice strengthens the learning process and can easily be internalized and shown in students’ attitude and behavior
Overlearning
Knowledge put into practice provides a significant meaning of interrelationships between what is real and what is ideal
Verbal and Nonverbal Association
These are mandatory conditions for behavioral change. The student who has desire to learn regarding the subject matter makes comprehension and retention easy, whereas, students who are not interested to learn make teaching and learning difficult
Cognitive-perceptual readiness and Internal Motivation
This influences the ease with which learning takes place. Systematic and dynamic presentation of subject matter consistent with students’ readiness to learn motivate active and productive learning process
The Ordering of Information
These are prerequisites to chained behaviors. However, connection or association cannot be established by mere repetition of a response
Stimulus-Response Associations and Discrimination Abilities
perceptual imagery and recognition of features, such as form, spatial arrangement, texture, and so on are prerequisites to concept formation
Cognitive Constructs
Students observe and analyze events and its relevance to current practice, retains those that are useful and eliminates those that are not. These can be done through active sensory
Multiple Discrimination and Generalization Response
Prerequisites to principles of learning and perception are concept acquisition, and recall of previous knowledge learned
Previous Knowledge
Some cognitive, affective, and psychomotor behaviors can be acquired, strengthened or weakened by observing and imitating the actions of others
Critical Thinking Skills
the ability of students to change and allow for more ways to expand the learning process, to change to suit oneself into different events and situations in order to speed up the learning process
Flexibility and Adaptation
about performance, which includes
why and of how topics learned improves learning
Feedback
learning can be enhanced by matching learning activities with the learner’s level of development, cognition, abilities, styles, strengths, modalities, and preferences
Balanced Growth and Development Patterns
The 5 processes of Learning
- Learning is a treasure within
- Learning to know
- Learning to do
- Learning to live together in peace and harmony
- Learning to be
characteristics of learning posited by Heidgerken
- Unitary and holistic
- Individual and social
- Self-active and self-initiating
- Purposive and goal-oriented
- Selective and creative
- Influential and is transferable
Learning is an entirely individual matter for the simple reason that every behavior has to do with her own learning. Each student must learn using her own style of learning
Learning is Individual and Social
universal basic principle of learning which that an individual can learn only through her own reactions to stations based on her capabilities to understand and internalize such situations
Learning is Self-Active and Self-Initiating
Learning is both active and purposeful. Goals and objectives should be set for every learning situation
Learning is Purposive and Goal Oriented
The decision of important what is to be learned is made by the learner in terms of how important it is in her eyes and to others. Learning is a process of personal choice-making by deciding for oneself what she is to believe and what she is to do with his or her life
Learning is selective and Creative
affects the extent of all learning activities, meaning that whatever is learned in one context or situation applies or affects another context or situation making learning broader and expansive
Learning is Influential and Transferable
List the major types of learning
Ideational Learning
Skill or Psychomotor Learning
Emotional Learning
learning is pursued in the cognitive domain
Ideational Learning
