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science sec 2 > chp 11 : chemical changes > Flashcards

chp 11 : chemical changes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are reactants

A

substances that react with each other

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2
Q

what are products

A

new substances

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3
Q

rearrangement of atoms in a chemical reaction

A

reactants rearrange themselves and combine chemically to form products . atoms are not created or destroyed during chemical reaction

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3
Q

what do the prefix means

A

the number of atoms in a molecule
mono 1
did 2
tri 3

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3
Q

what is combustion

A

a chemical reaction in which a substance is HEATED or burnt in the presence of OXYGEN to form one or more new substances
carbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide

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4
Q

what is thermal decomposition ?

A

a chemical reaction in which a substance breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances upon HEATING

calcium carbonate -> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

what is oxidation (cellular respiration)

A

a chemical reaction in which food molecules such as GLUCOSE are broken down in the presence of OXYGEN to provide cells with energy to survive and reproduce

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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5
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

a chemical reaction that occurs in green plants. in the presence of light, green plants use chlorophyll in there leaves, CARBON DIOXIDE and WATER to produce GLUCOSE and OXYGEN
carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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5
Q

what is oxidation (rusting) ?

A

a chemical reaction in which IRON gains OXYGEN in the presence of WATER to form RUST

iron + oxygen + water -> iron oxide

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5
Q

what is neutralisation

A

an ACID and an ALKALI react in a neutralisation reaction to form SALT and WATER

acid + alkali = salt + water

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6
Q

what are the reaction of acids

A

an ACID reacts with a METAL to form SALT + HYDROGEN GAS
acid + metal = salt + hydrogen gas

an ACID reacts with a CARBONATE to form SALT WATER and CARBON DIOXIDE
acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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6
Q

physical properties of acids

A

sour taste, pH lower than 7, corrosive when concentrated
turns blue litmus red

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6
Q

what ions does alkali produce

A

OH-

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6
Q

range of pH scale

A

0-2 HCL, HNO3, H2SO4
3-6 vinegar
7 - neutral
8-11 ammonia
12-14 NaOH , KOH

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6
Q

range of indicators

A

litmus paper
acids turn blue litmus red
alkali turn red litmus blue

methyl orange
acids turn red
neutral turns yellow
alkaline turns yellow

universal indicator
acids turn red/orange/yellow
neutral remains green
alkaline turns blue/violet

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6
Q

what is electroplating

A

in which metal X is coated onto metal Y when an eelectric current is passed thru a solution containing metal X

6
Q

what ions does acid produce

A

H+ ions

6
Q

physical properties of alkali

A

bitter taste, pH higher than 7, turns red litmus blue , corrosive when concentrated

science sec 2 (5 decks)

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