Chp 1-4 (midterm 1) Flashcards
What are the periods of development?
Prenatal- conception to birth Infancy- birth to 24mo Early childhood- 24mo to 6yrs Middle late childhood- 6yrs to 11yrs Adolescence- 10/12 yrs to 19 yrs
Explain continuity vs discontinuity view in development
Continuous view- children stay on same path throughout development (gradual change)
Discontinuous view- children can change paths at any point in development
What are Piaget’s cognitive developmental stages, explain
sensorimotor- birth to 2 yrs
infant constructs understanding of world using sensory actions
preoperational- 2yrs to 7yrs
begins to represent world with words and images beyond sensory and into physical
Concrete operational- 7rs to 11yrs
can now logically reason and classify objects into different sets
Formal operational-11 yrs to adult
more abstract thinking
Explain Vygotsky’s sociocultural cognitive theory
Adults convey to children beliefs, customs and skills of their culture
knowledge is constructed through interactions with other people and objects in the culture ex: books
define genetic imprinting
when a gene has a different effects depending on if the mother or father passed on the gene. When genetic imprinting goes wrong it can lead to a growth disorder ex Wilms tumor
define polygenetic inheritance
few characteristics reflect the influence of only a single gene or pair of genes. Most are determined by interaction of many different genes (polygenetically determined)
what are the 6 types of prenatal diagnostic tests
ultrasound sonography (looking at structure)
Fetal MRI (structure)
chronic villus sampling (sample of placenta)
amniocentesis (amniotic fluid test risk of miscarriage 1 in 200)
maternal blood screening (measures AFP which indicates baby liver function)
What are the 3 methods of assisted reproduction
Invitro fertilization (sperm & egg combined in lab dish gamete intrafallopian transfer ( egg & sperm directly inserted into fallopian tube zygote intrafallopian transfer (eggs fertilized in lab then inserted into fallopian tube)
What are the 3 germ layers and what do they become?
endoderm- inner layer of cells (digestion and respiratory)
mesoderm- circulatory system (middle layer)
ectoderm- outer layer (skin, nails)
What are the 3 main stages of fetal development and when do they occur
germinal period- conception to 4 weeks
embryonic period- 8 weeks
fetal period- 2 months after conception to birth
What is the goal of each stage of fetal development
germinal- cell division
embryonic- organogenesis (development of the 3 support systems)
fetal- growth
What are the 2 interventions used in the NICU for preterm/low birth weight babies
Kangaroo care (skin to skin) infant massage
What is the difference between the Apgar score and the Brazeltor neonatal behavioural assessment scale
Apgar- assess infant health 1-5min after birth evaluates respiratory, muscle tone etc 7-10=good 5= possible developmental issues 3 or under= emergency
Brazeltor- preformed 24-26hrs after birth to access neurological development 16 relaxes tested
explain cephalocaudal pattern
sequence where fastest growth occurs at top (head) physical growth in size wight etc works its way to bottom
explain proximodistal growth
growth sequence that starts at centre of body and moves outward
