Chordate Review Quiz 2 Flashcards by William Max Brcko

what are diagnostic features of Tetrapoda

land dwelling mostly, lungs, eggs, and shells

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what are diagnostic features of Labyrinthodontia

teeth with labyrinth enamel patterns, strong, and dermal armor

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what are diagnostic features of Amphibia

semi-terrestrial, four limbs with toes, larvae aquatic with metamorphosis, and no amnion

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what is the common name of Temnospondyli

Temnospondyls

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what are the common names of Lissamphibia

salamanders, frogs, toads, and caecilians

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what are the diagnostic features of Lissamphibia

skin naked and moist, and simple pedicellate teeth

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what are the three types of Lissamphibia

Urodela (Caudata), Salientia (Anura), and Gymnophiona (Apoda)

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what are the common names of Urodela (Caudata)

salamanders and newts

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what are the diagnostic features of Urodela (Caudata)

front and hind limbs equally developed, long tail, and no eardrum

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what are the common names of Salientia (Anura)

frogs and toads

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what are the diagnostic features of Salientia (Anura)

hind limbs lengthened for jumping, tail short or absent, and vertebrae fused to have urostyle

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what is the common names of Gymnphiona (Apoda)

caecilians- tropical limb-less burrowers

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what are the diagnostic features of Gymnophiona (Apoda)

limbs secondarily absent, elongated body, worm-like, and no eyes

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what are the three types of Amniota

Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia,

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what are diagnostic features of Reptilia

no aquatic larvae or metamorphosis, adults terrestrial or secondary aquatic, amnion, epidermal scales

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what are the three types of Reptilia (PES)

Parareptilia, Synapsida, and Eureptilia,

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what are the diagnostic features Parareptilia

distinctive ear region, foot articulates with ankle bone

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what is the primary type of Parareptilia

Testudinata (Chelonia)

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what are the common names of Testudinata (Chelonia)

turtle, tortoise, and terrapin

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what are the diagnostic features of Testudinata (Chelonia)

skull without temporal opening, shoulder girdle appear inside the rib cage

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what are the diagnostic features of Synapsida

development of a single arch of fenestration in the skull

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what is the primary type of Synapsida

Therapsida

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what are the diagnostic features of Therapsida

increasing parasagittal limb posture, specialized teeth, large temporal fenestration

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what are the diagnostic features of Eureptilia

supratemporal fenestration, and caniniform maxillary tooth

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what are the four types of Eureptilia

Lepidosauromorpha, Lepidosauria, Sauropterygia, and Archosauromorpha

what are diagnostic features of Lepidosauromorpha

retroarticular process is large, rigid pectoral girdle, large sternum, and overlapping scales

what are the diagnostic features of Lepidosauria

epiphyses on thermal ends of long bones, fused calcaneum

what are the three types of Lepidosauria (SAS)

Sphenodonta, Squamata, and Amphisbaenia

what are the common names of Sphenodonta

Sphenodon, tuatara

what are diagnostic features of Sphenodonta

broad mandibular symphysis, coronoid process of dentary

what are common names of Squamata

snakes, lizard, and iguanas

what are the diagnostic features of Squamata

loss of lower temporal bar in skull (more jaw muscles), special movable hinge, quadratojugal hinge

what are the common names of Amphisbaenia

amphisbaenids, "worm lizard"

what are the diagnostic features of Amphisbaenia

no distinct head, no limbs, no external ear opening, no functional eyes

what are the common names of Sauropterygia

Pachypleurosaurs, Nothosaurs, Pliosaurs

what are the common names of Plesiosauria

Plesiosaurs

what is the common name of Ichthyopterygia

Ichthyosaurs

what are the diagnostic features of Archosauromorpha

cervical ribs wth 2 heads, and 7-8 vertebrae

what is the main type of Archosauromorpha

Archosauria

what are the common names or Archosauria

crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, and flying reptiles

what are diagnostic features of Archosauria

moderate to gigantic, hind quarters and large tail, diapsid skull, and marginal teeth

what are the four types of Archosauria (COPS)

Crocodylia, Pterosauria, Saurischian, and Ornithischia

what are the common names of Crocodylia

crocodile, alligator, caiman, and gavial

what are the diagnostic features of Crocodylia

hind quarters and large tail, diapsid skull, and homodont teeth

what are the common names of Pterosauria

pterodactyl and pteranodon

what are the diagnostic features of Pterosauria

flying reptiles with membranous wings, large eyes, and keeled sternum

what is the common name of Saurischia

lizard-hipped dinosaurs

what is the common name of Ornithischia

bird-hipped dinosaurs

what are the diagnostic features of Aves

capable of flight unless lost, features, homeothermic, air sacs present, and incubation of eggs

what are the two categories of Aves

Sauriurae and Ornithurae

what are the diagnostic features of Sauriurae

arms of the furcula broad and grooved, dorsal crest, and scapula has craniomedial process

what are the two types of Sauriurae

Archaeornithes and Enantiornithes

what is the common name of Archaeornithes

Archaeopteryx

what is the diagnostic features of Archaeornithes

pigeon-sized primitive birds, flight possible, sparse and small teeth, and tridactyl wings with claws

what are the common names of Enantiornithes

Alexornis and Sinornis

what are diagnostic features of Enantiornithes

proximo-distal fusion of tarsometatarsus (opposite of that seen in Ornithurae)

what are the common names of Ornithurae

Apsaravis and others

what are diagnostic features of Asaravis and others

modern birds with orbital process and high keel approaching full sternum length

what is the main type of Ornithurae

Neornithes

what are the common names of Neornithes

All modern birds

what are the diagnostic features of Neornithes

horn beak, teeth absent, fused limb bones, and four chambered heart

what are the common names of Palaeognathae

ratites (ostrich, emu, rhea, kiwi)

what are the diagnostic features of Palaeognathae

large (pre-?) vomer attached to pterygoid and palatines, and movable joint between braincase and pterygoid

what are the common names of Neognathe

all birds minus the ratites

what are diagnostic features of Neognathae

fully developed wings and sternum with a keel, caudal vertebrae fused into a pygostyle, no teeth in both jaws

what are diagnostic features of Mammalia

endothermic, four chamber heart, hair, mammary glands, and well developed brain

what are the two types of Mammalia

Prototheria and Theria

what are common names for Prototherian

morganucodonts, docodonts and others

what is the main Prototheria

Monotremata

what are common names for Monotremata

monotremes, platypus, echidna

what are diagnostic features of Montremata

oviparous, no placenta, no function adult teeth, cloaca present

what are diagnostic features of Theria

tribospenic teeth, viviparous

what are the two types of Theria

Metatheria and Eutheria

what is the main Metatheria

Marsupialia

what is the common names of Marsupialia

marsupials, kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, tasmanian devils

what are diagnostic features of Marsupialia

marsupium (pouch) present, placenta, viviparous, double female reproductive tract

what are the diagnostic features of Eutheria

viviparous, well developed young at birth, relatively large brain

what are the seven types of Eutheria (PECS CuRL)

Primates, Edentatata (Xenarthra), Chiroptera, Soricomorpha, Carnivora, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha

what are the common names of Edentata (Xenarthra)

anteaters, sloths, armadillos

what are diagnostic features of Edentata (Xenarthra)

incisors and canines absent, lack enamel, tympanic bone is ring shaped, long sharp claws

what is the common names of Soricomorpha

shrews, moles, hedgehogs, tenreces, and others

what are diagnostic features of Soricomorpha

skull low and triangular, and small eye orbitals

what is the common name of Chiroptera

bats

what are the diagnostic features of Chiroptera

echolocation and flight with membranous wings (over 5 digits

what is the common names of Lagomorpha

rabbits, hares, and pikas

what are the diagnostic features of Lagomorpha

two upper incisors with second directly behind first, no canine, and lateral mastication

what is the common name of Rodentia

rodents

what are diagnostic features of Rodentia

incisors with two layers of enamel on labial side and none on other side (creates sharp beveled edge)

what are common names of Primates

humans, monkeys, and apes

what are diagnostic features of Primates

orbits face anteriorly, enlarged brain, shoulder girdle with great mobility, long gestation and development time

what are the common names of Carnivora

cats, dogs, bears, measles, raccoons, hyenas, walruses, etc.

what are the diagnostic features of Carnivora

well-developed sagittal crest and two canine scissor-like cutting teeth on top and bottom edge of tooth

What are the two types of Neornithes

Palaeognathae and Neognathae

Chordate Review Quiz 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)