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Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Lab > Chordate Review Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Chordate Review Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are diagnostic features of Tetrapoda

A

land dwelling mostly, lungs, eggs, and shells

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2
Q

what are diagnostic features of Labyrinthodontia

A

teeth with labyrinth enamel patterns, strong, and dermal armor

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3
Q

what are diagnostic features of Amphibia

A

semi-terrestrial, four limbs with toes, larvae aquatic with metamorphosis, and no amnion

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4
Q

what is the common name of Temnospondyli

A

Temnospondyls

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5
Q

what are the common names of Lissamphibia

A

salamanders, frogs, toads, and caecilians

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6
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Lissamphibia

A

skin naked and moist, and simple pedicellate teeth

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7
Q

what are the three types of Lissamphibia

A

Urodela (Caudata), Salientia (Anura), and Gymnophiona (Apoda)

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8
Q

what are the common names of Urodela (Caudata)

A

salamanders and newts

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9
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Urodela (Caudata)

A

front and hind limbs equally developed, long tail, and no eardrum

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10
Q

what are the common names of Salientia (Anura)

A

frogs and toads

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11
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Salientia (Anura)

A

hind limbs lengthened for jumping, tail short or absent, and vertebrae fused to have urostyle

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12
Q

what is the common names of Gymnphiona (Apoda)

A

caecilians- tropical limb-less burrowers

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13
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Gymnophiona (Apoda)

A

limbs secondarily absent, elongated body, worm-like, and no eyes

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14
Q

what are the three types of Amniota

A

Reptilia, Aves, and Mammalia,

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15
Q

what are diagnostic features of Reptilia

A

no aquatic larvae or metamorphosis, adults terrestrial or secondary aquatic, amnion, epidermal scales

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16
Q

what are the three types of Reptilia (PES)

A

Parareptilia, Synapsida, and Eureptilia,

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17
Q

what are the diagnostic features Parareptilia

A

distinctive ear region, foot articulates with ankle bone

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18
Q

what is the primary type of Parareptilia

A

Testudinata (Chelonia)

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19
Q

what are the common names of Testudinata (Chelonia)

A

turtle, tortoise, and terrapin

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20
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Testudinata (Chelonia)

A

skull without temporal opening, shoulder girdle appear inside the rib cage

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21
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Synapsida

A

development of a single arch of fenestration in the skull

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22
Q

what is the primary type of Synapsida

A

Therapsida

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23
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Therapsida

A

increasing parasagittal limb posture, specialized teeth, large temporal fenestration

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24
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Eureptilia

A

supratemporal fenestration, and caniniform maxillary tooth

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25
Q

what are the four types of Eureptilia

A

Lepidosauromorpha, Lepidosauria, Sauropterygia, and Archosauromorpha

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26
Q

what are diagnostic features of Lepidosauromorpha

A

retroarticular process is large, rigid pectoral girdle, large sternum, and overlapping scales

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27
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Lepidosauria

A

epiphyses on thermal ends of long bones, fused calcaneum

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28
Q

what are the three types of Lepidosauria (SAS)

A

Sphenodonta, Squamata, and Amphisbaenia

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29
Q

what are the common names of Sphenodonta

A

Sphenodon, tuatara

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30
Q

what are diagnostic features of Sphenodonta

A

broad mandibular symphysis, coronoid process of dentary

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31
Q

what are common names of Squamata

A

snakes, lizard, and iguanas

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32
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Squamata

A

loss of lower temporal bar in skull (more jaw muscles), special movable hinge, quadratojugal hinge

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33
Q

what are the common names of Amphisbaenia

A

amphisbaenids, “worm lizard”

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34
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Amphisbaenia

A

no distinct head, no limbs, no external ear opening, no functional eyes

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35
Q

what are the common names of Sauropterygia

A

Pachypleurosaurs, Nothosaurs, Pliosaurs

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36
Q

what are the common names of Plesiosauria

A

Plesiosaurs

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37
Q

what is the common name of Ichthyopterygia

A

Ichthyosaurs

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38
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Archosauromorpha

A

cervical ribs wth 2 heads, and 7-8 vertebrae

39
Q

what is the main type of Archosauromorpha

A

Archosauria

40
Q

what are the common names or Archosauria

A

crocodiles, alligators, dinosaurs, and flying reptiles

41
Q

what are diagnostic features of Archosauria

A

moderate to gigantic, hind quarters and large tail, diapsid skull, and marginal teeth

42
Q

what are the four types of Archosauria (COPS)

A

Crocodylia, Pterosauria, Saurischian, and Ornithischia

43
Q

what are the common names of Crocodylia

A

crocodile, alligator, caiman, and gavial

44
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Crocodylia

A

hind quarters and large tail, diapsid skull, and homodont teeth

45
Q

what are the common names of Pterosauria

A

pterodactyl and pteranodon

46
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Pterosauria

A

flying reptiles with membranous wings, large eyes, and keeled sternum

47
Q

what is the common name of Saurischia

A

lizard-hipped dinosaurs

48
Q

what is the common name of Ornithischia

A

bird-hipped dinosaurs

49
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Aves

A

capable of flight unless lost, features, homeothermic, air sacs present, and incubation of eggs

50
Q

what are the two categories of Aves

A

Sauriurae and Ornithurae

51
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Sauriurae

A

arms of the furcula broad and grooved, dorsal crest, and scapula has craniomedial process

52
Q

what are the two types of Sauriurae

A

Archaeornithes and Enantiornithes

53
Q

what is the common name of Archaeornithes

A

Archaeopteryx

54
Q

what is the diagnostic features of Archaeornithes

A

pigeon-sized primitive birds, flight possible, sparse and small teeth, and tridactyl wings with claws

55
Q

what are the common names of Enantiornithes

A

Alexornis and Sinornis

56
Q

what are diagnostic features of Enantiornithes

A

proximo-distal fusion of tarsometatarsus (opposite of that seen in Ornithurae)

57
Q

what are the common names of Ornithurae

A

Apsaravis and others

58
Q

what are diagnostic features of Asaravis and others

A

modern birds with orbital process and high keel approaching full sternum length

59
Q

what is the main type of Ornithurae

A

Neornithes

60
Q

what are the common names of Neornithes

A

All modern birds

61
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Neornithes

A

horn beak, teeth absent, fused limb bones, and four chambered heart

62
Q

what are the common names of Palaeognathae

A

ratites (ostrich, emu, rhea, kiwi)

63
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Palaeognathae

A

large (pre-?) vomer attached to pterygoid and palatines, and movable joint between braincase and pterygoid

64
Q

what are the common names of Neognathe

A

all birds minus the ratites

65
Q

what are diagnostic features of Neognathae

A

fully developed wings and sternum with a keel, caudal vertebrae fused into a pygostyle, no teeth in both jaws

66
Q

what are diagnostic features of Mammalia

A

endothermic, four chamber heart, hair, mammary glands, and well developed brain

67
Q

what are the two types of Mammalia

A

Prototheria and Theria

68
Q

what are common names for Prototherian

A

morganucodonts, docodonts and others

69
Q

what is the main Prototheria

A

Monotremata

70
Q

what are common names for Monotremata

A

monotremes, platypus, echidna

71
Q

what are diagnostic features of Montremata

A

oviparous, no placenta, no function adult teeth, cloaca present

72
Q

what are diagnostic features of Theria

A

tribospenic teeth, viviparous

73
Q

what are the two types of Theria

A

Metatheria and Eutheria

74
Q

what is the main Metatheria

A

Marsupialia

75
Q

what is the common names of Marsupialia

A

marsupials, kangaroos, wallabies, koalas, tasmanian devils

76
Q

what are diagnostic features of Marsupialia

A

marsupium (pouch) present, placenta, viviparous, double female reproductive tract

77
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Eutheria

A

viviparous, well developed young at birth, relatively large brain

78
Q

what are the seven types of Eutheria (PECS CuRL)

A

Primates, Edentatata (Xenarthra), Chiroptera, Soricomorpha, Carnivora, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha

79
Q

what are the common names of Edentata (Xenarthra)

A

anteaters, sloths, armadillos

80
Q

what are diagnostic features of Edentata (Xenarthra)

A

incisors and canines absent, lack enamel, tympanic bone is ring shaped, long sharp claws

81
Q

what is the common names of Soricomorpha

A

shrews, moles, hedgehogs, tenreces, and others

82
Q

what are diagnostic features of Soricomorpha

A

skull low and triangular, and small eye orbitals

83
Q

what is the common name of Chiroptera

A

bats

84
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Chiroptera

A

echolocation and flight with membranous wings (over 5 digits

85
Q

what is the common names of Lagomorpha

A

rabbits, hares, and pikas

86
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Lagomorpha

A

two upper incisors with second directly behind first, no canine, and lateral mastication

87
Q

what is the common name of Rodentia

A

rodents

88
Q

what are diagnostic features of Rodentia

A

incisors with two layers of enamel on labial side and none on other side (creates sharp beveled edge)

89
Q

what are common names of Primates

A

humans, monkeys, and apes

90
Q

what are diagnostic features of Primates

A

orbits face anteriorly, enlarged brain, shoulder girdle with great mobility, long gestation and development time

91
Q

what are the common names of Carnivora

A

cats, dogs, bears, measles, raccoons, hyenas, walruses, etc.

92
Q

what are the diagnostic features of Carnivora

A

well-developed sagittal crest and two canine scissor-like cutting teeth on top and bottom edge of tooth

93
Q

What are the two types of Neornithes

A

Palaeognathae and Neognathae

Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Lab (2 decks)

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