Chordata (Fishes) Flashcards
_____ have the most species and classes among all vertebrates
fishes
body form or shapes of fishes
most species are fusiforms, some are globiforms, anguilliforms, filiforms, compressed, depressed, trachipteriforms, truncated, and attenuated
the fish body is divided into
head, trunk, tail, and appendages
the head and the trunk of fishes are separated by ______
gill openings
gill openings in bony fishes are covered by _____
opercle
the ______ and the _______________ mark the boundary of the trunk and tail
anus, urogenital openings
the eyes have no eyelid except some ______ and ______
sharks and bony fishes
some sharks have _________ for eyelids
nictitating membranes
some bony fishes have _______ for eyelids
permanent adipose eyelids
the ______, ______ , and _______ are located in the head
mouth, 4 nares, gills/ slits
an opening, the ______ found between the anteriormost gill slit and the eye connects the outside to the pharyngeal cavity.
spiracle
Fishes (and aquatic stages of amphibians) possess a set of linearly concentrated skin sense organs known as
lateral - line systems
The microscopically small openings or ______ of the sense organs open in the skin or scales.
pores
In most fishes, a series of these pores, extending along each side in a single row from the head to the caudal fin, comprises the _______
lateral line
The appendages comprise the ______and _______ which are stifened by bony rays (lepidotrichia) in bony fishes and by horny rays (ceratotrichia) in catilaginous fishes.
median and paired fins
The median fins are on the ________, on the lower edge of the body behind the ____________ and ______________
back (dorsal fin or fins); naus (anal fin) and the tail (caudal fin)
_______ (small fins in a series) and rayless, fatty _____ fins may also be developed in the median axis behind the dorsal and anal fins.
Finlets; adipose
The paired fins are the _________ and ________
pectoral fins and the pelvic fins (or ventral fins)
The _____ have become lost in various forms notably the eels, modified into _____ in sharks and relatives, or part of a _________ in clingfishes and other fishes.
ventrals/ pelvic fins; claspers; holdfast organ
The position of the pectorals is _____ when it is located towards the dorsal side of the body and ____ when it is located towards the ventral side.
high; low
The anteriormost part of the fin base or attachment of the fin is the ____ and the posteriormost part of the fin base is the ______.
origin; insertion
The fin rays supporting fins in bony fishes are of two kinds, what are they?
spines, single unsegmented, unbranched rays) and soft-rays (Biserial, segmented, often branched rays).
Types of caudal fins
protocercal, diphycercal, heterocercal, homocercal
