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Animal Kingdom > Chordata > Flashcards

Chordata Flashcards

1
Q

Chordates
Notochord
Nerve chord ( central nervous system)
Pharyn gill
Heart
Tail

A

Present
Dorsal , single hollow
Present
Ventral
A post anal part (tail) is present

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2
Q

Group acraniata has

A

Protochordates / lower chordates
Has subphylum = Urochordata [ tunicata ]
subphylum = cephalochordata

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3
Q

Acraniata
Location
Respiration
Notochord
Skull brain vertebral column
Exoskeleton head paired appendages

A

Protochordata
Marine
Thru gills
May persist thruout life
Absent

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4
Q

Urochordata
Location
Adults are ,larva is
Notochord
Tail

A

Tunicate
Marine, free swimming, attached to rocks
Are sessile but larva is free swimming
Present only in tail of tadpole of larva
Lost during matamorphosis

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5
Q

Why tunicates
Blood vascular system
Sexuality
Fertilization
Larva

A

All adult have test over their body made up ot tunicin {cellulose]
Open type
Bisexual
External and mostly cross -Fertilization
Free swimming = tad pole larva

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6
Q

Retrogressive metamorphosis
Chordate character in adult
Development more

A

Urochordata
A well developed free swimming larva is changed into less developmeded sessile adult
Pharyngeal gill clefts only
Larval stag»»> adult

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7
Q

Sea potato/sea squirts
Barrel shaped
Other eg

A

Herdmania
Doliolum
Ascidia , salpa
{ tunicates }

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8
Q

Cephalochordata
Location
Absent
Present
Blood vascular system

A

In shallow sea water
Paired appendages, heart, respiratory pigment
Unpaired fins , hepatic portal system
Closed type

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9
Q

Cephalochordata
Excretory system
Nervous system
Notochord

A

Protonephredia +nt in the form of flame cells / solenocytes
Form of dorsal, tubular and hollow nerve chord
Extended from head to tail region

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10
Q

Cephalochordata
Sexuality
Fertilization
Development

A

Unisexual
External
Indirect

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11
Q

Lancelet

A

Amphioxus
Branchiostoma
Cephalochordata

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12
Q

Group euchordata
Also known as
Characters
Subphylaum

A

Craniata
Higher chordates due to presence of highly developed characters
Prominent head, vertebral column, jaws, cranium
Only one - vertebrate

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13
Q

Subphylum vertebrate
Notochord
Cranium
Divided into divisions

A

Completely / partially replaced by cartilaginous / bony vertebral column
Brain is covered by protective covering (made up of bone or cartilage )
Two division
a) agnatha
b) gnathostomata

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14
Q

Agnatha
Jaws
Notochord
Absent
Divided into classes

A

absent
Persistent, cartilaginous, vertebrae are found over notochord
Paired appendages
Class ostracodermi
Cyclostamata

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15
Q

Agnatha
Class is extent fresh water fishes

A

Ostracodermi
First vertebrates

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16
Q

Cyclostomata
Location
Are
Devoid of
Mouth
Respiration

A

Marine
Ectoporasites on some fishes
Scales / paired fins but unpaired fins are present
Sucking and circular with out jaws
Elongated body bearing 6 - 15 pairs of gill slits for respiration

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17
Q

Cyclostomata
Notochord / vertebral column
Heart
Kidneys
Sexuality
Larva exception

A

Made up of cartilage
Two-chambered [venous - heart)
Pronephric
Uni sexual
Petromyzon larva = ammaocoete

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18
Q

Spawning

A

Cyclostomata migrate for spawning to fresh water - after spawning within few days they die.
Their larva after metamorphosis return to ocean

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19
Q

Lamprey

A

Petromyzon
Ectoparasite on true fishes
Many teeth
Shows anadromous migration ( migration from marine to fresh water )
Ammacoete larva connecting link b/ w Cephalochordata and Cyclostomata
Cyclostomata

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20
Q

Myxine

A

Hag fish
Wrinkled fish like old woman
Remain attached with the gills of host

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21
Q

Gnathastomata super class

A

Pisces
Tetrapoda

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22
Q

Pisces
Study
Blood
Body divided
Slime glands

A

Ichthyology
Cold blooded (poikilothermal ) animals lack capacity to regulate their body temp
Head truck tail neck absent
Present on skin

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23
Q

Pisescs
Paired fins
Unpairs fins
Gills (respiration)

A

+nt for swimming , are pectoral / pelvic fins
Mid dorsal fin ,ventral fin ,caudal fin
4-7 pairs are naked/covered by operculum

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24
Q

Pisces ear
Circulation of blood
Heart

A

External / middle ear absent
Only internal ear is +nt
Unicircuit
Two chambered 1 atrium /1 ventricle

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25
Q

Pisces
System found in circulatory system
Endoskeleton
Skull
Cranial nerve

A

Sinus venosus , renal, hepatic portal
Cartilage / bone
Monocondylic
10-pairs

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26
Q

Pisces
Lateral line receptor system
Kidney
Young fishes

A

Receptor organs which can detect vibrations [rheoreceptor] & electric field
Mesonephric type
Called fry / hatchling

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27
Q

Catadromous migration
Eg
Anadromous migration
Eg

A

Migration of fresher from fresh water to marine water
Eg Anguilla
Migration of fishes from marine water 10 fresh water
Eg salmon , hilsa

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28
Q

Class - placodermi
Included
Body covered
Eg

A

Extinct true fishes
Bony plates hence called “armoured fishes”
Eg Climatius = first jawed fish

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29
Q

Class Chondrichthyes
Also known as
Location
Endoskeleton
Notochord
Exoskeleton

A

Elasmobranchi [cartilaginous fishes]
Marine with stream lined body
Cartilage
Persistent through out life
Present over the skin containing minute placoid. Scales

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30
Q

Chondrichthyes
Mouth
Jaw
Gill slits operculum
Gill pairs
Swimming

A

Ventrally
Powerful are called predaceous
Separate and with out operculum [gill cover)
5 to 7 pairs of gills
Due to absence of air bladder they have to swim constantly to avoid sinking

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31
Q

Chondrichthyes
Spiral vAlue fn
Works as electroreceptor
Tail
Copulatory organs
Fertilization

A

Scroll value in intestine ( TO increase surface area )
Ampulla of lorenzini = special structure at dorsal surface of head
Heterocercal type
In males pelvic fins bear claspers
Internal
Viviparous

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32
Q

Dog fish
Torpedo
Pristis

A

Chondrichthyes
Scoliodon = Indian shark - viviparous
Electric ray = electric organ is found which is a modified muscle V =100 Volts exoskeletonless
Saw fish

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33
Q

Carcharodon
String ray it has ( spines )

A

Chondrichythes
Great white shark
Trygon - its dorsal fin has poisonous spines

34
Q

Class ostheichythes
Location Endoskeleton
Body is
Exoskeleton
Mouth

A

Teleostomi (bony fish)
Marine and freshwater with bony
Streamlined
Skin covered with cycloid / ctenoid scales
Mostly terminal teeth are found in jaws

35
Q

Osteichthyes
Respiration
Supplementary respiration structure
Scroll valve
Cloaca
Absent (present in Chondrichthyes )

A

4 pairs of gills gills covered by operculum
Air bladder - buoyancy
In intestine absent
Absent in place Anus +nt
Ampulla of lorenzini

36
Q

Osteichthyes
Tail
Fertilization
Absent in male
Development

A

Homocercal type
External
Claspers are absent in male
Direct oviparous

37
Q

Hippocampus
Swimming
Brood pouch is fn
Is

A

Sea horse pregnant male
Swims in sea water in vertical direction
Structure present on abdomen of male
Collects the eggs
Secondary viviparous and parental care
Osteichthyes

38
Q

Exocoetus
Clarias
Catla

A

Flying fish
Cat fish / magur Fesh water
Katla fresh water
Osteichthyes

39
Q

Labeo
Betta
Gambusia

A

Rohu / Indian carp fresh water
Fighting fish ( aquarium fish)
Larvivorous fish
Osteichthyes

40
Q

Pterophyllum
Latimera chalumnae

A

Angel fish (aquarium fish)
Coelocanth lining fossil

41
Q

Tetrapod

A

Class
Amphibia
Reptile
Aves
Mammals

42
Q

Class Amphibia
Location
Need water Eggs
Body divided into

A

Aquatic, terrestrial except Marine
For reproduction . Do not have protective covering to check evaporation
Head & truck tail maybe present

43
Q

Amphibia
Skin exception
Skin reason
Poisonous glands eg
Swimming/ moving on land
Digits

A

Moist without scale. Ichthyophis
Through skin . Cause numerous glands are found in skin
Bufo
Two pair of limbs
Forelimbs = 4 digits
Hindlimb = 5

44
Q

Amphibia
Metachrosis
Salivary gland absent
Cloaca
Respiration

A

Few Amphibia have ability to change colour by expansion and contraction of pigments( chromatophore)
Frog
A.c , urinary bladder , genital ducts open
By gills skin lungs buccopharygeal cavity ( frog )

45
Q

Amphibia
Heart
R.B.C
System found
Skull

A

3 chambered ( 2 atria 1 ventricles) arteriovenous
Biconvex,oval ,nucleated
Renal portal system , hepatic portal system
Have two occipital condyles (dicondylic skull)

46
Q

Amphibia
Eyes
Ear
Cranial nerve
Lateral line sensory system

A

Have eyelids
Only one ear ossicle columella (stapes)
Tympanum represents the ear
10 pairs in no
Found only in larval stage

47
Q

Amphibia
Excretory organ
Ureotelic
Ammonotelic
Blood
Sex’s, Fertilization

A

1 pair of kidney . Mesonephric type
Adults
Tailed animals & larvae
Cold blooded / poikilothermal
Seperate external / internal
Oviparous

48
Q

Bufo
Tree frog
Rana

A

Toad
Hyla
Frog

49
Q

Salamander
Ichthyophis

A

Salamandra
Limbless amphibian

50
Q

Reptile
Study
First
Locomotion
Location
Body divided

A

Herpetology
First successful terrestrial animals
Creeping or crawling mode
Mostly terrestrial animals but some are aquatic on nature
Head neck trunk tail

51
Q

Reptile
Body covered
Exoskeleton
Skin cast
Limb, digits

A

By dry ,cornified skin,epidermal scales / scutes
Epidermal scale / bony scutes / bony plates
Snakes & lizards
When present 2 pair each limb has 5 digits

52
Q

Reptile
Teeth
Exception
Respiration
Heart is , exception

A

Homodont polyphyodont mostly pleurodont
Crocodile 🐊 thecodont present
Lungs
3 chambered but it is 4 chambered in crocodile 🐊 both right left systemic arches are +nt

53
Q

Reptile
Rib , skull
External ear is . _____________ represents ear
Excretion
Cranial nerves

A

+nt , monocondylic
External ear openings absent .Tympanum represents ear
One pair of metanephric kidney
12 pairs

54
Q

Reptile
Olfactory
Cloaca
Sexes
Fertilization
Eggs 🥚
Adaption for terrestrial habitats
Eggs 🥚 leathery

A

At the roof of buccal cavity jacobsons organ
+nt
Separate
Internal
Megalecithal ( with large amounts of yolk) and cleidoic ( covered by shell made up of CaCo3
Cleidoic
Snakes

55
Q

Reptile
Blood 🩸
Development

A

Cold blooded poikilothermal
Direct
Parental care +nt

56
Q

Chelone
Testudo
Chameleon
Garden lizard

A

Reptile
Turtle
Tortoise 🐢
Tree lizard
Calotes

57
Q

Crocodilus
Alligator
Hemidactylus
Krait
Vipera

A

Crocodiles 🐊
Alligator
Wall lizard
Bangarus
Viper

58
Q

Naja
Non poisonous snakes

A

Poisonous snakes
Eryx , python, rat snake

59
Q

Aves
Study
Body is, divided info
Characteristic features of aves
Exoskeleton
Feathers are

A

Ornithology
Streamlined.: divided into head neck (long and flexible]
Presence of feathers and most of them can fly except flightless birds ( ostrich)
Form of soft feathers [ except hind limbs]
Derivative of Stratum corneum

60
Q

Aves
Blood
Skin
Gland exception found
Fn

A

Worm blooded / homorothermous
Dry and without glands
Oil glands / preen glands found at base of tail or uropygium
Secrete oil, which softens and lubricates feathers

61
Q

Aves
Fore limbs modified into
Hind limbs
Fn
Syrinx is , +nt

A

( With 3 digits) modified into wings help in conserving heat
4 clawed digits, scales are found only on hind limbs
Sitting
Sound producing organ at junction of trachea & bronchi

62
Q

Digestive tract of birds
Fn
Cloaca
Jaws modified

A

Has additional chambers, crop, gizzard
Crop = quick food ingestion, storage
Gizzard= crushing food which is swallowed unmasticated
3 chambered
Into horny beak

63
Q

Aves
Lungs
Air sacs
Heart
Well developed in birds

A

Spongy lungs for respiration
Connected to lungs supplement respiration
Completely four chambered, only right aortic arch+ nt
Hepatic portal. System

64
Q

Aves
endoskeletön
Bone
Fn
Synsacrum
Pygostyle

A

Fully ossified [bony]
Pneumatic bones = hollow, long, having air, cavity
Fn = make. The body light in weight and help in flying
Some vertebrae of posterior body portion joint together to form
Last 4 or 5 caudal vertebrae fused to form

65
Q

Aves
Sternum
Keel fn
Ribs
Kidney
Uric acid
Guano

A

Is large
Swollen basal part of sternum , offers a plane for connecting flight muscles in flying bird
Uncinate processes
Metanephoie.
Semisolid substance
Excreta of marine birds (used as manures)

66
Q

Aves
Absent
Brain
Cerebellum
Cranial nerve
Ear
Middle ear internal ear

A

Urinary bladder and copulatory organ
Large, smooth, highly developed
Well developed for overall mode of life
12 pair
External ear + nt but ear pinna absent
Columella bones ( stapes one ossicle ) . Cochlea (un coiled)

67
Q

Aves
Pecten
Fn
Control
Due to pecten
Functional in female

A

A specific comb like structure found in all birds in eyes except kiwi
Helps in accommodation of eye and provide nutrition to eye balls
Also control the pressure of liquid + nt in eye
Acute vision and telescopic vision
Only left ovary and left oviduct monodelphic
Oviparous

68
Q

Aves
Sexes
Fertilization
Eggs
Development
Group

A

Unisexual separate
Internal
Oviparous
Large , megalecithal,cleidoic shell is perforated
Direct
Amniota
Parental care found

69
Q

Corvus
Struthio
Pigeon
Vulture
Brood parasitism

A

Crow
Ostrich
Columba
Neophron
Female koel-an

70
Q

Psittacula
Peacock
Aptenodytes
Humming bird
Archaeopteryx

A

Parrot 🦜
Pavo🦚
Penguin 🐧
Smallest bird can fly forward and backward
Messing connecting link b/w reptile and aves

71
Q

Class Mammalia
Study
Location
Adapted to fly live in water
Body divided into
With out any exception

A

Mammalogy
Cosmopolitan found in variety of habits
Pteropus . Dolphin 🐬 whale 🐳
Head neck trunk tail
Horizontal, muscular diaphragm b/w thorax and abdomen ‘

72
Q

Mammalia
Skin
Most unique mammalian character
Modified sweat glands, not functional in
Protection head, digits,
Limbs
Cloaca exception

A

Is unique in possessing hair . Is thick, water proof, glandular
Presence of milk producing gland by secretion of which the young ones are nourished
Mammary glands , in male
Horns, nails, claws or hoof
Two pairs
Absent prototheria

73
Q

Mammalia
Heterodont dentition
Teeth are fixed
Diphyodont dentition
Lower jaw
Respiration

A

Different types of teeth are+nt in jaw
In sockets of jaw bone in buccal cavity this dentition is called thecodont dentition
Teeth erupts two times in life span
Made up of dentary bone
Is by one pair of lungs [ enclosed in pleural cavity ]

74
Q

Mammalia
Sound organ
Heart + nt absent
RBC
Exception
Endoskeleton , skull
Neck
Ribs

A

Larynx is found in neck region
Four chambered double circulation , only left aortic (systemic ) arch + nt , sinus venosus
Small, circular, enclueated
Oval RBC = family camilidae - llama and camel
Bony , dicondylic
7 cervical vertebrae
Bicephalic

75
Q

Mammalia
Excretion
Cerebrum and cerebellum
Corpus - callosum is Absent
Corpora quadrigemina
Cranial nerve

A

One pair of Metanephric kidneys are situated in abdominal cavity
Very complex in structure
A special structure is present for connection of both cerebral hemisphere of brain.Absent in monotremes and marsupials
Optic lobes ore four in no and are solid. All 4 optic lobes collectively known as
12 pair in no

76
Q

Mammalia
Ear pinnae
Middle ear has
Internal ear
Sexes
Testes . Copulation
Fertilization
Development

A

External ear present
Malleus, incus, stapes are 3 her ossicles
Cochlea is highly coiled spirally
Unisexual, separate
Of males ore situated [ outside the body ] in scrotal sacs . A distinct penis in males
Internal, takes place in fallopian tubes
Viviparous [ which give birth to their young ones] with few exception
Direct

77
Q

Mammalia
Also known as
Fn
Blood
Eggs

A

Placental mammals - embryo is attached to uterus of mother by placenta
Fn = nutrition, respiration, excretion
Worm blooded and homoiothermos
Microlecithal

78
Q

Ornithorhynchus
Camel
Flying fox
Equus

A

Platypus = oviparous
Camelus 🐪
Pteropus
Horse 🐴
Mammals

79
Q

Kangaroo
Macana
Rattus
Dog
Felis

A

🦘 macropus viviparous
Monkey🐒
Rat 🐀
Canis 🐕‍🦺
Cat 🐈
Mammals

80
Q

Elephas
Delphinus
Blue Whale
Tiger
Panthera Leo

A

Elephant 🐘
Common dolphin 🐬
Balaenoptera 🐋🐳
Panthera Tigris 🐅
Lion 🦁
Mammalssss

Animal Kingdom (4 decks)

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