Choosing an inferential statistic and the need for this with potential errors

Question 1

Unrelated data can refer to which experimental design?

Answer 1

Independent groups

Question 2

Related data can refer to which experimental design?

Answer 2

Repeated measures or matched pairs.

Question 3

Nominal data -

Answer 3

Data that can be counted into different categories E.G number of red or white roses.

Question 4

Ordinal data -

Answer 4

Data which is ranked in order (rate of preference for the following foods, Chips, curry, ice-cream) or rated on a scale, these categories labelled can be defined as very confident, confident or not confident at all. Subjective.

Question 5

Interval data -

Answer 5

A data type which is measured along a scale, in which each point is placed at equal distance from one another

Question 6

Ratio data -

Answer 6

Like interval data but with a fixed 0 point, as there is a 0 it is possible to make fixed 0 point.

Question 7

What is the T-test (unrelated) used for? (design and data)

Answer 7

Independent groups and interval/ratio

Question 8

What is the T-test (related) used for? (design and data)

Answer 8

Repeated measures/matched pairs and interval/ratio.

Question 9

What is the Pearson’s r test used for? (design and data)

Answer 9

Correlation and interval/ratio data.

Question 10

What is the Mann Whitney U test used for? (design and data)

Answer 10

Independent groups and ordinal data.

Question 11

What is the Wilcoxon matched pairs test used for? (design and data)

Answer 11

Matched pairs/repeated measures and ordinal data.

Question 12

What is the Spearman’s rank test used for? (design and data)

Answer 12

Correlational and ordinal data

Question 13

What is the Chi squared test used for? (design and data)

Answer 13

Independent groups and nominal data

Question 14

What is the Sign test used for? (design and data)

Answer 14

Repeated measures/matched pairs and nominal data.

Question 15

Only correlational tests are?

Answer 15

Spearman’s rank and Pearson’s test.

Question 16

Why do we need inferential statistics?

Answer 16

Measure probability, to see if anything found was down to chance, so this allows to see if there indeed was a significant difference.

Question 17

Type 1 error -

Answer 17

When someone is too optimistic about the findings of the research, when someone wrongfully rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the experimental/alternative hypothesis, assuming the findings to be significant but really due to chance.

Question 18

Type 2 error -

Answer 18

When someone is too pessimistic about the findings where they assume the experimental/alternative hypothesis has not been supported and are due to chance however the results are significant. The researcher wrongfully rejects the alternative/experimental hypothesis and accepts their null hypothesis.