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PHAR2005 > Cholinergic pharmacology > Flashcards

Cholinergic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is tubocurarine?

A

Competitive inhibitor of nAChR acts in autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla
non-depolarising
Reduces the number of available receptors, decreases amplitude of postsynaptic current at NMJ.

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2
Q

Are blood vessels innervated?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the physiological effect of muscarinic activation in smooth muscle?

A

Contraction

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4
Q

What is the physiological effect of muscarinic activation in glands?

A

Secretion

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5
Q

What is the physiological effect of muscarinic activation in the heart?

A

Relaxation - slow rate and conduction

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6
Q

Which muscarinic agonists are resistant to AChE?

A

Bethanechol, pilocarpine, muscarine

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7
Q

What are some effects of atropine?

A 
Motion sickness - antiemetic
Reduced Parkinsons tremor
Cognitive impairment (elderly)
Pupil dilation - mydriasis
Paralysis of accommodation
Reduced secretions
Relaxed smooth muscle (bronchi, GIT)
Increased heart rate
Urinary retention
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8
Q

Why do muscarinic agonists such as pilocarpine help treat glaucoma?

A

Miosis (pupil constriction) and ciliary spasm improve drainage of aqueous humour reducing intraocular pressure.

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9
Q

Which parts of the heart are innervated by the PSNS?

A

Sino-atrial and atrio-ventricular

Atria

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10
Q

Which drug can relieve dry mouth?

A

Pilocarpine

Muscarinic agonist

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11
Q

Which effects are produced by low levels of ACh?

A

Muscarinic effects

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12
Q

Which drug can affect uptake of choline?

A

Hemicholinium

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13
Q

Which drug can affect ACh packaging?

A

Vesamicol

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14
Q

Which drug can affect ACh release?

A

Botulinum /botox

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15
Q

What are the effects of hexamethonium?

A 
Secretions reduced
Vasodilation
Tachycardia
Constipation
Impotence
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16
Q

What is suxamethonium?

A

Agonist of muscle nicotinic receptors. It is resistant to local esterase.
First, suxamethonium causes depolarisation and AP, but continuing depolarisation causes inactivation so APs blocked.

17
Q

What are the uses of cholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Short acting eg edrophonium - diagnose myasthenia gravis
Medium acting eg pyridostigmine eserine - treat myasthenia gravis
Long acting eg ecothiopate -
Can treat glaucoma. Nerve gas, insecticides.

18
Q

Where can both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors be found?

A

Autonomic ganglia, adrenal medulla

19
Q

What are the effects of high doses of atropine?

A

Stimulation, restlessness, hallucinations, disorientation.

At low doses can result in attention and memory deficits in elderly

PHAR2005 (15 decks)

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