Cholinergic Pharmacology Flashcards
The _____ receptor subtype is richly expressed in brain areas involved in cognition.
A. M1
B. M2
C. M3
D. Nn
E. Nm
A
The _____ receptor subtype is richly expressed in brain areas involved in appetite, such as the hypothalamus.
A. M1
B. M2
C. M3
D. Nn
E. Nm
C
Parasympathetic stimulation via ____________ such as acetylcholine and carbachol functions to contract the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscles.
A. Muscarinic agonists
B. Muscarinic antagonists
C. Nicotinic agonists
D. Nicotinic antagonists
E. None of these
A
What is the primary effect of M2 receptor activation on the cardiovascular system?
Vagal slowing of the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect)
The atrial muscarinic effec that slows the AV node of the heart is called the:
A. negative ionotropic effect
B. negative dromotropic effect
C. negative chronotopic effect
D. None of these
B
The _____ receptor subtype increases tracheobronchial secretions when stimulated.
A. M1
B. M2
C. M3
D. Nn
E. Nm
C
ACh binds to what two gut receptors in order to contract muscles in the gut during peristalsis?
M3 - increases intracellular free calcium
M2 - inhibits cAMP production
An initial excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is mediated by the ______ receptor in autonomic ganglia.
A. M1
B. M2
C. M3
D. Nn
E. Nm
D
Which of the following is used to treat glaucoma?
A. Acetylcholine
B. Carbachol
C. Pilocarpine
D. Methacholine
C
Which drug is available as ophthalmic surgical aid for slower onset and more sustained miosis?
Carbachol
The _________ inhalation challenge is used by some to test for asthma or occupational airway hypersensitivity.
Methacholine
Why is edrophonium a useful diagnostic agent for myasthenia gravis?
It is a rapid, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor.
Treatment of organophosphate poisoning is treated with what two drugs?
- 2-PAM to reactivate enzyme
- Atropine to block muscarinic effects
_____________ is effective in reversing effects of antimuscarinic agents used in surgery to induce tachycardia.
Neostigmine
____________ is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease targeted against the alpha subunit of nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
Myasthenia gravis
Which is NOT a naturally occurring alkaloid muscarinic receptor antagonist?
A. Atropine
B. Hycosamine
C. Scopolamine
D. Tropicamide
D - Tropicamide is not naturally occuring as it is a synthetic agent with a shorter duration of action than atropine.
___________ is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that is commonly prescribed for lung obstructive disease and does not readily cross membranes or the BBB.
Ipratropium
____________ is preferred by anesthesiologists to reduce secretions in preparation for, or during, surgeries.
Glycopyrrolate - it is charged and reduces secretions without accessing the neural receptors.
Since Atropine can cause long term paralysis in the eye muscles, shorter acting analogs such as ___________ are used in ophthalmic diagnostics and surgeries.
Tropicamide (4-8 hour duration)
Which two drugs can be limit the cardiovascular effects of neostigmine when it is used to reverse neuromuscular blockage?
Atropine and glycopyrrolate
Which muscarinic antagonist is used for motion disorders?
Scopolamine patches (or anti-histamines!)
Which of the following drugs is the shortest duration neuromuscular blocking agent?
A. Atracurium
B. Succinylcholine
C. Panocuronium
D. All of these are short-duration NMJ blocking agents.
B
What is the affect of Pancuronium on cardiac muscarinic receptors?
Moderate block of M2 receptors
