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Pharmac Gpp > Cholinergic Mechanisms > Flashcards

Cholinergic Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

List the cholinomimetics

A

Bethanicol
Pilocarpine
Carbachol
Methacoline
Veranicline

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2
Q

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are found in

A

Adrenal gland

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3
Q

Which choline esters act at all sites but are resistant to degradation by acetylcholinesterase

A

Bethanecol, Carbachol

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4
Q

Examples of cholinomimetics

A

Bethanecol, Carbachol, pilocarpine, methacholine

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5
Q

At recommended low doses the cholinergics primarily affect what receptors

A

Muscarinic receptors

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6
Q

At recommended high doses the cholinergics primarily stimulate what receptors

A

Nicotinic receptors

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7
Q

Examples of direct acting cholinergic agonists

A

Acetylcholine, bethanecol, Carbachol, methacholine

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8
Q

Examples of indirect acting cholinergic agonists

A

Physiostigmine, pyridostigmine, donepezil (Aricept)

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9
Q

Side effects of acetylcholine

A

Ocular side effects
Ocular swelling
Ocular clouding
Ocular decomposition

Systemic side effects
Sweating
Difficulty breathing
Hypotension
Flushing
Slow heart rate

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10
Q

Therapeutic uses of acetylcholine

A

1) treatment of myasthenia gravis (pyridostigmine)
2) treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (rivastigmine)
3) reverse the action of muscle relaxtants

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11
Q

Therapeutic uses of acetylcholine

A

1) treatment of myasthenia gravis (pyridostigmine)
2) treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (rivastigmine)
3) reverse the action of muscle relaxtants

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12
Q

Drug effects of cholinergic agonists

A

Increase salivary section
Increase gastrointestinal motility
Increase urinary frequency
Stimulate Pupillary constriction (miosis)
Reduced intraocular pressure
Increased salivation and sweating
Decreased heart rate
Cause vasodilation

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13
Q

Pilocarpine is used to treat

A

Dry mouth caused by radiotherapy in people with head and neck cancer
To treat Sjögren’s syndrome ( condition that affects immune system and causes dryness of certain parts of the body like eyes, mouth)

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14
Q

Low dose of acetylcholine causes

A

Bradycardia
Bronchoconstriction
Increased GI motility
Bladder constriction
Salivation
Lacrimation
Fall in Bp

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15
Q

High dose of acetylcholine causes

A

CNS excitation
Ganglion if stimulation
Adrenaline release
Rise in BP

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16
Q

What class of drugs antagonize cholinergics resulting in decreased response

A

Antihistamines

17
Q

Classify cholinergic antagonists

A

1) Muscarinic antagonists
2) Nicotinic antagonists

18
Q

Atropine use

A

Cardiovascular disorders
To treat chronic bronchitis and asthma
Peptic ulcer disease
Irritable bowel disease
GI hypersecretory states

Pharmac Gpp (5 decks)

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