Cholinergic Antagonist

Question 1

Anti-muscarinic drugs

Answer 1

• Pirenzepine(M1)
• Ipratropium(Non-S)
• Oxybutynin(M3)
• Dicyclomine(M3)
• Atropine (Non-Selective M)
• Scopolamine (Non-Selective M)

Question 2

Anti-nicotinic drugs

Answer 2

a. Ganglion blockers
• Hexamethonium • Trimethaphan
b. Neuromuscular blockers
• Tubocurarine • Succinylcoline

Question 3

Parkinson`s disease:
…………….. controls tremor by blocking M1 receptors in the basal ganglia

Answer 3

Benztropine

Question 4

G.I.T. Disorders:
……………….. (M3-antagonist) used to reduce motility and secretions in irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhea.

Answer 4

Dicyclomine

Question 5

…………………… is used in
• MI to counter the marked vagal discharge during the pain of MI. also used to treat heart
block.
• AV nodal heart block

Answer 5

Parenteral Atropine

Question 6

……………. & ……………… were routinely used as pre-anesthetic medication to
prevent airway secretions and laryngospasm during surgery.

Answer 6

Atropine & Scopolamine

Question 7

……………………… a synthetic atropine analog, is now used as inhalation as
part of the treatment of asthma and COPD.

Answer 7

Ipratropium bromide

Question 8

• FEVER:
In young children, blockade of thermoregulatory sweating
may result in hyperthermia or “atropine fever’ .
• Dry skin, dry mouth and throat.
• Constipation
• Blurred vision and photosensitivity
Toxicities of :-

Answer 8

Anti-muscarinic drugs

Question 9

• CNS effects:
CNS toxicity includes sedation, amnesia, and delirium or
hallucinations and convulsions may also develop. Toxicity of :-

Answer 9

Anti-muscarinic drugs

Question 10

1. Cautiously in infants because of the danger of hyperthermia.
   (vasodilation and flushing)
2. In peptic ulcer disease. (↓gastric emptying)
3. Glaucoma. (↑ IOP)
4. In men with prostatic hypertrophy. (urinary retention)
   Contraindications of

Answer 10

anti-muscarinic drugs

Question 11

Uses:
Muscle’s relaxation in surgery. Can cause complete muscle paralysis. Long duration
Adverse effects:
•…..………… causes high histamine release by a direct effect on mast
cells. Histamine release can cause bronchospasm, hypotension, salivary secretions.
•…………, …………… few side effects than tubocurarine

Answer 11

Non-Depolarizing Skeletal Muscle Relaxants:-
Tubocurarine / pancuronium, vecuronium

Question 12

Uses:
• Used for brief paralysis for surgery and for intubation
•………………… is a drug of choice for emergency cases where
rapid endotracheal intubation is necessary
Adverse effects:
• Malignant hyperthermia
• Hyperkalemia
• Apnea due to prolong muscle paralysis with a patient who is
deficient in plasma cholinesterase

Answer 12

Depolarizing Skeletal Muscle Relaxant:-
Succinylcholine

Question 13

blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to and entering motor nerve terminals and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine

Answer 13

Botulinum Toxin A