Choline

Question 1

Choline
* Not considered an _______ nutrient in many countries as can be ________
* Included in Australian NRVs as choline metabolism closely linked to _____, _________ and ______ ______
* Some studies have shown possible impacts of _______ intake
* __________ synthesis does not appear to meet requirements

Answer 1

• essential, synthesized
• folate, methionine and vitamin B12
• inadequate
• Endogenous

Question 2

Choline Functions
- Precursor for a number of compounds including
* ________ (a neurotransmitter)
* _____________ (membrane constituents, intracellular signalling, VLDL
secretion)
* __________ (membrane constituents, nerve sheath -> nerve conduction)
* ________ activating factor
* _______ (Donates methyl groups to homocysteine -> methionine conversion)
Role in _____ and ______ transport and metabolism

Answer 2

• Acetylcholine
• Phosphatidylcholine
• Sphingomyelin
• Platelet
• Betaine
• lipid and cholesterol

Question 3

Choline Deficiency?
* Some evidence for improved _______ function and memory at all ages
* Implicated in poor performance for some groups (e.g. ________ ______)
* May reduce serum and ______ ______
* No reports of deficiency in the ______ population
* Seen in experimental situations and total ________ _______
* Limited evidence for role in ______ _____ _____ in some groups

Answer 3

• cognitive
• institutionalised elderly
• urinary carnitine
• general
• parenteral nutrition
• fatty liver syndrome