CHOLERA

Question 1

cause (2)

Answer 1

• gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium vibrio cholerae

- only reproduces inside human host

Question 2

transmission (3)

Answer 2

• endemic in some places
• infected by drinking contaminated water
• infected become carriers and act as reservoirs, contaminating other water

Question 3

symptoms (4)

Answer 3

• toxin produced in the small intestine by v.c affects CTFR (chlorine channel proteins)
• prevents water and ions being absorbed into the blood
• leads to severe watery diarhhoea
• causes dehydration and dramatic drop in blood pressure may kill patient

Question 4

prevention (3)

Answer 4

• good hygiene/sanitation
• good sewage treatment, water purification, safe food handling, frequent handwashing
• temporary vaccine only given to high-risk individuals

Question 5

treatment (2)

Answer 5

• water/ions replaced by giving electrolytes orally or (in severe cases) intravenously
• bacteria treated with antibiotics

Question 6

endemic

Answer 6

• regularly found in a certain area