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Midterm > CHN > Flashcards

CHN Flashcards

1
Q

SECONDARY DATA SOURCES

A

Registry of vital events

Health records and reports

Disease registries

Census data

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2
Q

Initially designed for clients in a community setting, the “—–” has been used as a framework for the care of individuals, families, and communities by nurses, nursing educators, physicians, and other health care providers. It is a comprehensive and research-based classification system for client problems that exists in the public domain, meaning, it is not held under copyright. The classification system has three components that are to be used together: a problem classification scheme, an intervention scheme, and a problem rating scale for outcomes

A

Omaha system

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3
Q

allows identification of problems and areas of improvement, thereby stimulating action (WHO, 1994).

A

Community diagnosis

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4
Q

CONDITIONS IN THE COMMUNITY AFFECTING HEALTH

A

People

Location

Social system

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5
Q

Collecting Primary Data

A

Observation
Survey
Informant interview
Community Forum
Focus Group

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6
Q

NANDA (now NANDA International)

A

nursing diagnostic labels, although focused more on individual rather than community responses to health conditions, have included diagnoses at the community level in more recent versions.

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7
Q

proposed a practical adaptation of a format of nursing diagnoses for population groups previously presented by Green and Slade (2001)

A

Shuster and Goeppinger

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8
Q

The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested the following criteria (in bold fonts) to decide on a community health concern for intervention:

A

Significance of the problem

Community awareness

Ability to reduce risk

Cost of reducing risk

Ability to identify the target population

Availability of resources

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9
Q

Refers to a state, tribal, or local health assessment that identifies key health needs and issues through systematic, comprehensive data collection and analysis.

•Gives organized comprehensive information about the community’s current health status, needs, and issues.

A

COMUMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT

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10
Q

Registry of vital events

A

• Birth
• Marriage
• Divorce
• Death

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11
Q

A record

A

is a permanent written communication that documents information relevant to a client’s health care management.

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12
Q

are oral or written exchanges of information shared between nurses and other personnel in many ways.

A

Reports

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13
Q

is a summary of the services of person or personnel and of the agency

A

A report

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14
Q

This is the listing of persons diagnosed with a specific type of disease in a defined population purposely done to serve as basis for monitoring, decision-making and program management

A

Diseases registries

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15
Q

This provides for a national census of population and other related data in the Philippines every 10 years

A

Batas Pambansa Blg. 72 (1980)

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16
Q

provides statistical information and services in the public.

A

The Philippine Statistical System (PSS)

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17
Q

is the policy-making and coordinating body of the PSS.

A

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

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18
Q

is the PSS arm that generates general statistics; population, employment, prices, and family income/expenditures.

A

National Statistics Office (NSO)

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19
Q

During census these are based on the legally established place of residence of people. De facto is according to the actual physical location of people.

A

de Jure or de Facto method

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20
Q

Methods to present community data

•••Maps that are frequently used

A

Bar graph

Pie chart

Line graph

Scatter plot or Diagram

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21
Q

Is the process of determining the health status of the community and the factors responsible for it. The term is applied both to the process of determination and to its findings (WHO,2004)

A

COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS

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22
Q

Refers to the process of assessing the health and well-being of a specific community or population through a systematic and comprehensive approach. This approach is often employed in public health and community development to understand the needs, strengths, weaknesses, and health-related issues within a particular community

A

Traditional

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23
Q

is an approach to community assessment and problem-solving that emphasizes active involvement and collaboration with community members throughout the entire process

A

Participatory Action Community Diagnosis

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24
Q

is an approach to community assessment and problem-solving that combines research methods with active community participation

A

Participatory Action Research

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25
Q

A format of nursing diagnosis for population groups.

A

Shuster and Goppingen

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26
Q

is a standardized terminology and framework used in community and public health nursing, as well as other healthcare disciplines, for the purpose of data collection, documentation, and clinical decision-making. It is often used in community diagnosis and assessment because of its versatility and ability to capture a wide range of information related to individuals, families, and communities.

A

Omaha system

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27
Q

Provides a standardized taxonomy of nursing diagnosis primarily for individual patient care guiding nurses in assessing patient health problems and planning care

A

NANDA

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28
Q

is a social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, passive, individualistic and voiceless, the underprivileged, less fortunate, and marginalized poor to become dynamic, active, participatory and politically responsive community.

A

Community Organizing

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29
Q

involves planned actions and processes to reach, influence, and involve all relevant segments of society across all sectors from the national to the community level, in order to create an enabling environment and effect positive behavior and social change.

A

Social Mobilization

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30
Q

When organizations have agreed on the type of organizational relationship, ground rules that will become the basis for a decision-making. The following are the most important point:

A

Listen

Take

Don’t force

Advocacy work

31
Q

Core Principles in Community Organizing

A

Community organizing is people-centered

Community organizing is participative

Community organizing is democratic

Community organizing is developmental

Community organizing is process-oriented

32
Q

Goals of Community Organizing

A

People’s Empowerment

Building relatively permanent structures and people’s organizations

Improved quality of life

33
Q

Types of Evaluation

A

Formative

Summative

Process / planning

Outcome

34
Q

Family health records

A

General information

Family folders

Maternal and health cards

Family welfare records

Vital events record

Records of medical care and referrals

Records of distribution

Records of stocks

Supervisory records

Monthly reports and statistics records

Daily diary

Cumulative records

Registers

35
Q

is a summary of baseline conditions and trends in a community and study area. It establishes the context for assessing potential impacts and for project decision-making.

A

Community profile

36
Q

A community profile may include information about the following:

A

• Demographic characteristics such as age, ethnicity, and number of immigrants

• Social characteristics like educational attainment, income, language spoken at home, or poverty status

• Crime

•Prevalence of homeless or unsheltered individuals

• Health status

• Utilization of social services

37
Q

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

A

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Adjourning

38
Q

is the process of putting the structure of the team together. Team members feel ambiguous and conflict is avoided at all costs due to the need to be accepted into the group. Team members look to a group leader for direction and guidance, usually CORAL project guides.

A

Initial forming stage

39
Q

This tasks stage and begins to occur as the process of organizing task and processes surface interpersonal conflict

A

Storming stage

40
Q

In this stage, team members are creating new ways of doing and being together. As the group develops cohesion, leadership changes from ‘one’ teammate in charge to shared leadership. Team members learn they have to trust one another for shared leadership to be effective.

A

Norming stage

41
Q

Performing stage

A

True interdependence is the norm of this stage of group development. The team is flexible as individuals adapt to meet the needs of other team members. This is a highly productive stage both personally and professionally

42
Q

In this stage typically team members are ready to leave (course termination) causing significant change to the team structure, membership, or purpose and the team during the last week of class. They experience change and transition. While the group continues to perform productively they also need time to manage their feelings of termination and transition.

A

Adjourning stage

43
Q

Conflict resolution through the problem solving approach

A

a. Clarify the basic issues

b. Diagnose the dimension and causes of problems

c. Explore ways to settle the conflict

d. Decide upon and implement an agreement that is satisfactory to all members

e. Evaluate the success of the action/s taken

44
Q

Here are some key points to consider about awareness of the effect of behavior:

A

Self awareness

Emotional impact

Interpersonal relationships

Professional and social settings

Consequences and Accountability

45
Q

is a collaborative relationship between two or more parties based on trust, equality and mutual understanding for: achievement of a SPECIFIED GOAL. “—–” involve risks as well as benefits, making shared accountability critical.

A

Partnership

46
Q

helps each other enhance their capabilities in performing their tasks, as well as provisions of services.

A

Collaboration

47
Q

Importance of partnership and collaboration in community development

A

Maximize cost savings

Improved efficiency

Enhanced services

48
Q

the science of population helps the nurse find reasons or rationale why or how a particular population or group is influenced by a variety of factors resulting in vulnerability to diseases.

A

Demography

49
Q

Sources of data

Most common:

A

censuses, sample surveys, and registration systems.

50
Q

done when people are assigned to the place where they usually live regardless of where they are at the time of census.

A

De jure method

51
Q

done when the people are assigned to the place they are physically present at the time of the census regardless of their usual place of residence.

A

De facto method

52
Q

refers to the number of people in a given place or area at a given time.

A

Population size

53
Q

population is characterized in relation to certain variables such as age, sex, occupation or educational level. - The nurse utilizes data on age and sex composition to decide who among the population groups merits attention in terms of health services and programs.

A

Population composition

54
Q

it compares the no. of males to the no. of females in the population

(Males÷female) × 100

A

Sex ratio

55
Q

there are two ways to describe the age composition:

A

Median age

Dependency ratio

56
Q

Total dependency ratio formula

A

(0-14y + >65y ÷ 15-65) × 100

57
Q

Median age

A

divides the population into two equal parts.

58
Q

Dependency ratio

A

compares the no. of economically dependent with the economically productive group

59
Q

Age and Sex composition

A

uses population pyramid, a graphical presentation of the age and sex composition of the population

60
Q

how people are distributed in a specific geographic location. The measures help the nurse decide how meager resources can be justifiably allocated based on concentration of population in a certain place.

A

Population Distribution

61
Q

simply illustrates the proportion of the people living in urban compared to the rural areas.

A

Urban-rural distribution

62
Q

it provides information on how susceptible the household is in transmitting communicable disease from one another.

A

Crowding index

63
Q

Formula crowding index

A

(# people in house ÷ # room sleeping)

64
Q

It determines how congested a place is and provides implication in terms of adequacy of basic health services present in the community

A

Population density

65
Q

Formula population density

A

people ÷ land area (sqm/km)

66
Q

The Philippines ranked 12th in the world in terms of total population which was 88.6 million in August 2007. According to the President in her State of the Nation Address in July 2008, the country’s annual population growth rate is 2.04% down from the 2.36% in the 1990s. In 2000, there were about 255 people for every square kilometer of Philippine territory. Metro Manila has the highest population density and CAR has the lowest (NOH, 2005). The population in the urban areas is increasing very rapidly. From the 37% of the total population in 1984 (UNICEF, 1986) the figure increased to 48% in 2004 (NOH, 2005).

A

Phillipine health situation

Demographic profile

67
Q

One of the issues about health statistics in the country is their accuracy, completeness, and reliability. Different sources sometimes quote different figures. The intention of including some statistics on the book is to give general picture of the epidemiological patterns and trends in the health of Filipinos.

A

Phillipine health situation

Health profile

68
Q

• Defined as the study of the occurrence and distribution of health conditions such as disease, death, deformities, disabilities on human populations.

It is also concerned with the study of probable factors that influence the development of these conditions

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

69
Q

Stages of Natural History of Disease:

A

Prepathogenesis (or susceptibility)

Pathogenesis
a. Pre-symptomatic
b. Discernible lesions
c. Advanced disease

70
Q

In this stage, disease has not developed but factors that favor its occurrence are present.

A

Prepathogenesis (or susceptibility)

71
Q

disease has developed

A

Pathogenesis

72
Q

Epidemiological triangle

A

Environment

Agent

Host

73
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROCESS AND INVESTIGATIONS

The phases of epidemiological approach consists of

A

DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY

ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

INTERVENTION OR EXPERIMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

EVALUATION EPIDEMIOLOGY

Midterm (3 decks)

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