CHM031 M1 SA W3 Flashcards
model of matter based on the hypothesis that each element is made of indivisible particles called atoms
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
How many postulates does the Modern Atomic Theory have?
3 Main Postulates
What are the 3 Basic Laws of Chemistry?
Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Constant Composition, & Law of Multiple Proportions
What law? no detectable change in mass in an ordinary chemical reaction (postulate 2)
Law of Conservation of Mass
What law? compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass (postulate 3)
Law of Constant Composition
What law? Formulated by Dalton states, two elements form more than one compound and masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of second element are in a ratio of small whole numbers.
Law of multiple proportions
What subatomic particles are atoms made of?
Positive protons, negative electrons, and neutral neutrons
what occupies the most volume of the nucleus?
electrons
what is the charge of atom?
10^-10 m
what is the charge of nucleus?
10^-14 m
What are the 3 different kinds of Hydrogen?
Light Hydrogen (no n), Deuterium (1 n), & Tritium (2 n)
What do you call an atom that contains the same number of protons with different number of neutrons?
Isotope
What letter corresponds to the mass number of atom?
A
2 or more atoms combine to form uncharged molecule
Molecule
Atoms involved in molecules are —?
Nonmetallic elements
strong forces that hold the atom which consists shared pairs of e-.
Covalent Bonds
What are the 3 ways of visualizing/depicting molecules?
Structural formula, ball-and-stick model, and space-filling model
it is how atoms are attached, represented by chemical symbols, and chemical bonds are indicated by lines
Structural Formulas
fused shapes for molecules, different colors for different elements, and relative sizes for atom sizes
3-D Representations
spheres=atoms
sticks=bonds
Ball-and-Stick Model
relative sizes of atoms and how atoms take up space in molecule
Space-Fillin Model
charged particles where atoms loses or gains electrons
Ions
metal atoms tend to lose electrons to form positively charged ions
Cations
nonmetal atoms form negative ions by gaining electrons and protons are unchanged
Anion
it summarizes periodic properties of elements
Periodic Table
arranged by increasing atomic mass
Mendeleev (Russian) and Meyer (German) in 1869.
Early versions of periodic table
arranged by increasing atomic number
Modern Periodic Table
what is the term for rows?
periods
what are the terms for column?
Groups or families
What is the main group element?
A groups
What is the transition element?
B groups
How many periods does the periodic table have?
7 periods
how many known elements?
118
What do you call the group of 7A, reactive, form 1 ion with alkali metals (salts), and form diatomic molecules in elemental state
Halogens
8A, inert/very unreactive, don’t form charged ions
Noble gases
What are the monatomic gases in the group of noble gases?
Helium, Neon, Argon
Representative/ Main Group Element
A group: Halogens and Noble Gases
Transition Elements
B groups
all metals, center of PT, starts in 4th row forms ions with several different charges
B groups
located at the bottom of PT, form +2 and +3 ions
Inner Transition Elements
2 categories of the Inner Transition Elements that are all radioactive
Lanthanide and Actinide
3 broad categories of the periodic table
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
left-hand side category
Metals
upper right-hand corner category
Nonmetals
diagonal line between metals and nonmetals
Metalloids
