CHM031 M1 SA W1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of chemistry primarily focused on?

A

Study of matter, transformations of matter, and behavior of matter

Chemistry investigates how different substances interact, change, and behave under various conditions.

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2
Q

Define matter.

A

Occupies space, has mass, consists of atoms and molecules

Matter can be found in various states, including solid, liquid, and gas.

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3
Q

What are the two main scales of chemistry?

A

Macroscopic and atomic

The macroscopic scale refers to matter visible to the naked eye, while the atomic scale involves individual atoms and molecules.

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4
Q

What is meant by the macroscopic scale in chemistry?

A

Matter that can be seen with the naked eye

Examples include a piece of copper or a liquid in a beaker.

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5
Q

What does the atomic scale refer to?

A

Nanoscale or molecular scale

At this scale, individual atoms and molecules cannot be seen.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of chemistry as an experimental science?

A

To design thoughtful experiments and make careful observations of macroscopic amounts of matter

Chemistry relies heavily on experimentation and observation to understand matter.

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7
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

Examining results to see if there are alternative ways to interpret the data

This method is crucial for verifying hypotheses and theories in science.

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8
Q

What are qualitative observations?

A

Observations involving color, appearance, and statements without measurements or numbers

Examples include describing an object as ‘large’ or ‘hot’.

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9
Q

What are quantitative observations?

A

Quantity or attribute that is measurable, expressed with numbers and units

Dimensions include mass, time, distance, volume, density, temperature, and color.

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10
Q

Give an example of a quantitative observation.

A

Weighing out 6.25 grams of NaCl or measuring the temperature of an object to be 27 °C

Quantitative observations provide precise and objective data.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Scientific observations can be classified as _______ or _______.

A

Qualitative or quantitative

This classification helps in the systematic study of matter.

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12
Q

True or False: Qualitative observations involve numerical measurements.

A

False

Qualitative observations are descriptive and do not include numbers.

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13
Q

What is required for careful observations in chemistry?

A

All ideas are open to challenge

This principle encourages critical thinking and scientific inquiry.

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14
Q

What is chemistry?

A

Transformation and Behavior of matter

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15
Q

other term for atomic and molecular level?

A

Microlevel

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16
Q

It is examining results to see if there are alternative ways to interpret data

A

Scientific Method

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17
Q

What is the simplest type of matter?

A

Element

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down further.

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18
Q

How many elements are recorded on the periodic table?

A

118

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19
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest indivisible unit of an element

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20
Q

Define a chemical compound.

A

Substance formed when two or more elements are combined in a defined ratio

21
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds

22
Q

What characterizes pure substances?

A

Contain only one type of element or compound and have a fixed chemical composition

23
Q

List some physical properties.

A
  • Physical state
  • Color
  • Viscosity
  • Opacity
  • Density
  • Conductivity
  • Melting and boiling points
24
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Substance made up of two or more elements or compounds that have not reacted chemically

25
What are the two types of mixtures?
* Homogeneous * Heterogeneous
26
What defines a homogeneous mixture?
Constant composition throughout the material
27
What defines a heterogeneous mixture?
No uniform composition
28
How can mixtures be separated?
By physical means
29
List methods for separating mixtures.
* Solubility * Filtration * Density * Decantation and centrifugation * Boiling point * Distillation * State of matter * Chromatography * Magnetism
30
What are the three states of matter?
* Solid * Liquid * Gas
31
What is the characteristic of solids?
Have a definite shape and closely packed particles
32
What is the characteristic of liquids?
Flow and take on the shape of the container
33
What is the characteristic of gases?
No fixed shape or volume; particles are spaced widely apart
34
What is a physical change?
Change in the physical property of a substance without altering its chemical composition
35
What is the melting point?
Temperature at which a solid is converted to a liquid
36
What is the freezing point?
Temperature at which a liquid is converted to a solid
37
What is the boiling point?
Temperature at which a liquid is converted to a gas
38
What are intensive properties?
* Color * State of matter * Melting point * Boiling point * Density * Solubility * Viscosity * Ductility * Conductivity * Malleability
39
What do chemical properties involve?
Chemical change in a material and substances interacting with other chemicals
40
Define a chemical change.
Change in the chemical composition of the material
41
True or False: Methanol is highly flammable because it reacts with oxygen in the air.
True
42
they are pure substances; cannot be broken down further
Element
43
substance formed when 2 or more elements are combined in a defined ration
Chemical Compound
44
collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds
Molecule
45
contain only one type of element/ compound and fixed chemical composition
Pure Substances
46
made up of 2 or more elements/compounds that haven't reacted chemically; not a pure substance
Mixture
47
constant composition
Homogeneous
48
no uniform composition
Heterogeneous
49
substances interacting with other chemicals
Chemical Property