CHM 111 Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is chemistry?
The study of the composition, properties, and transformation of matter.
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has both mass and volume.
What is an element?
An element is a pure substance with its own set of physical and chemical properties that can’t be decomposed into something simpler.
What is a property?
A property is any characteristic that can be used to describe or identify matter.
Intensive properties
Do NOT depend on size of a sample. (e.g) specific heat capacity (melting, boiling point), chemical potential, density, viscosity, specific energy, hardness, ductility, elasticity, malleability, magnetization, concentration,
Extensive properties
DO depend in sample size. (e.g.) Volume, mass, physical dimensions (width, height, diameter, thickness, etc.), number of moles, electrical charge, energy, entropy, momentum, particle number.
Physical Properties
Do NOT involve change in chemical makeup of a substance. (e.g.) Color, density, texture, specific heat capacity, conductivity, smell, shape (crystalline), taste, ductility, physical state (solid, liquid, gas), volume, mass, polarity.
Chemical Properties
DO involve change in chemical makeup of a substance. (e.g.) Rusting (iron), tarnishing (silver), heat of combustion, oxidation, reduction, flammability, toxicity.
What is a Theory?
A theory is formed when a hypothesis or a set of hypotheses can be verified through repeated experimentation.
What is mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object or substance.
What is weight?
Weight is a measurement of the force with which gravity pulls on an object or substance. Thus, to weigh something is really to measure mass by comparison.
What is temperature?
Temperature is a measurement of the average kinetic energy of particles.
What is heat?
Heat is the transfer of energy from one system to another. Heat only exists as a transfer of energy, it is not static.
What is density?
Density is the relationship between mass and volume. Density is equal mass/volume. Density is temperature specific. Thus, when reporting density, temperature must also be reported.
What is energy?
Energy is the capacity to supply heat or do work. Kinetic energy (Ek) is the energy of motion, and Potential energy (Ep) is stored energy.
