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Chiro - Boards > Chiro - PT Boards > Flashcards

Chiro - PT Boards Flashcards

1
Q

Heating modalities: Deepest to shallow

A
  • Ultrasound
  • Short wave diathermy
  • microwave diathermy
  • IR
  • Ultraviolet
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2
Q

Ice Modalities: Best to worst

Used in acute cases

A
  • Ice
  • Positive pole of Low Volt Galvanic
  • Pulsed Ultrasound
  • PRICE
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3
Q

Subacute phase (eliminate edema) modalities

A
  • Contrast therapy
  • Pulsed ultrasound
  • Interferential
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4
Q

Subacute Exercise

A
  • Stretching/passive/ROM

- Isometric exercise

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5
Q

Chronic Rehab

A

Warm up/ use heat modality

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6
Q

Target HR Equation

A

220-Age = Est. Max HR (EMHR)
EMHR - Resting Heart Rate (RHR) = Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)
HRR x 0.6 - 0.9 (epends on lifestyle) = Workout HR
Workout HR + RHR = Target HR

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7
Q

Williams Exercises

A
  • Sit ups and Crunches
  • Pelvic Rocks/Tilt
  • Knee to Chest
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8
Q

Aerobic Exercise is in what range of Max HR?

A

60-90%

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9
Q

Aerobic Exercise must be for at least how long?

A

15-20 minutes

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10
Q

Aerobic Exercises

UBC = Upper Body Cycle –> used for people with what problems?

A

Lumbar Problems

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11
Q

Williams Approach says that all activities should b geared towards ____ lumbar lordosis

A

Reducing/decreasing Lumbar Lordosis (Flexion)

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12
Q

McKenzie Approach is a spinal assessment and therapy based on the behavior of pain and mechanical response to ____ loading

A

Dynamic and static loading

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13
Q

Postural Pain Syndrome =

A

End range stress of normal structures

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14
Q

Dysfunction pain syndrome =

A

end range stress leading to contracted of adherent structures

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15
Q

Derangement Pain Syndromes=

A

anatomical disruption or displacement of structure “herniated disc”

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16
Q

Plyometric Exercises -

A
  • Box Drills
  • Depth Jumps
  • Jumps
  • Hops
  • Bounds
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17
Q

Acute Care mngmt

-First 4 weeks

A
  1. Ice
    • pole LVG
  3. Pulsed US
  4. Price
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18
Q

Plyometrics based on concept of power

Equation for power?

A

Force x Speed = Power

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19
Q

Chronic phase starts after ___ weeks

A

12

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20
Q

Chronic phase therapy - >12weeks

Therapies:

A

-Strengthening
-Heat/warm-up
-Stretch the decreased ROM places
Mensuration and Wexler Scale for quantitative measurements

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21
Q

Lower Crossed Syndrome:

MM involved and state they are in

A

Erector Spinae - Tight/Fascilitated
Iliopsoas - Tight/Fascilitated
Glut. Max - Weak/Inhibited
Abs - Weak/ inhibited

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22
Q

Toe in or out for VMO during leg extensions?

A

Toe Out

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23
Q

Upper Crossed Syndrome:

MM involved and their state

A

Deep neck Flexors/Longus Coli - Weak
Lower Trap/ Serratus Anterior - Weak
Pectoralis - Tight
Upper Trap/Levator Scap - Tight

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24
Q

Usual Tight Mm:

A 
Iliopsoas
Rectus Femoris
TFL
Adductor Group
Errector Spinae
Gastroc / Soleus
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25
Q

Action of TFL

A
  • Abducts

- Flexes and Medially Rotates the hip joint

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26
Q 
Lower Cross Syndrome results in positioning of:
Pelvis into \_\_\_
Lumbar \_\_\_
Hip \_\_\_
Knees \_\_\_
A

Pelvis anterior rotation
Increased lumbar lordosis
Hip Flexion
Knees hyperextended

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27
Q

Adductor group mm.

A

Lower, magnus, longus/brevis

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28
Q

Errector Spinae Action

A

Ext. Vertebrae in thoracic region

Draws Ribs down

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29
Q

Usual Weak/inhibited mm.

A

Rectus Abd.
Obliques
Glut. Max and Med.
Hamstrings

Trendelenburg Test - Tests ABductor strength

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30
Q

Usual Upper Body Tight Mm.

A 
Pec Major and minor
Levator Scap.
Teres Major
Upper Trap
Ant Delt.
Subscap
Lats
SCM, Scalenes, and rectus capitus
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31
Q

Usual upper Body Weak Mm.

A 
Rhomboids
Lower Trap, Serratus ant.
Post Delt. 
*Teres Minor, infrspinatous, Post. Delt
Longus Coli
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32
Q

Clayton’s exercises

A

crawling exercises to mobilize the spine and exercise mm in scoliosis

33
Q

Thoracolumbosacral Supports

-Milwaukee brace: for what? how long/day? When is it indicated?

A

Milwaukee brace

  • scoliosis. worn 23 hours/day
  • employ for scoliosis that are between 20-40 degrees
34
Q

Extremity braces:

Types and their uses:

A
  • Figure eight (Louisiana Strap): inversion ankle sprain
  • Lennox-Hill (derotational Brace): Knee
  • Cockup Splint: Wrist -Carpal Tunnel syndrome - Puts wrist into extension and opens tunnel
35
Q

Frenkel’s: Sx and treatment

A

Ataxic motion and to develop coordination (wobble board).

36
Q

Lumbar/SI Supports: Types and indications

A 
Sacroiliac Girdle (Trochanteric belt)
-Goes around Hip circumference and is for SI hypermobility.
37
Q

Fitting Crutches 2-10-30 rule

A
  • 2” from axilla
  • Tip of crutch 10” from malleolus
  • Crutches should be at 30 degrees
38
Q

Contraindications to all PT modalities:

A

HIM

  • Hemorrhage (systemic)
  • Infection w/suppuration (not inflammation) - Exception = UV superficially
  • *Malignancy (most important) unless 100% benign.
39
Q

Contraindications to ALL Electric Modalities :

A
  • Pacemaker
  • Low Back and abdomen during pregnancy
  • Decrease sensation (LVG only)
  • Brain = Transcerebral (Co-planar = ok)
  • Eyes
  • Heart = Transthoracic
  • Carotid Sinus
40
Q

DC Current PT Electric Modality

A

LVG

HV

41
Q

AC Current PT Electric Modality

A
  • Sine Wave
  • Faradic
  • IF
42
Q

Systematic Approach for PT Modalities:

WAT DP PICS

A
  • Wavelength and Frequency
  • Action
  • Types
  • Dosage
  • Penetration
  • Physiological Affects
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Special Tests
43
Q

Contraindications to ALL Heating Modalities:

DALED

A
  • Decrease in heat sensation
  • Active TB
  • Low Back and abdomen during pregnancy
  • Encapsulated Swellings (Herpes simplex and non draining sinusitis, uviitis, osteomyelitis)
  • Diabetes Mellitus - Late stages
44
Q

*What PT modality is in the medium frequency range?

A

Interferential

45
Q

What is the deepest e- Modality

A

Interferential

46
Q

Massage’s action (mechanical) has the greatest affect on what system?

A

Vascular

47
Q

Levator Scapula actions:
Origin Fixed:
Insertion Fixed:

A

Origin: Elevated scapula and assists in rotation so the glenoid cavity faces caudally
Insertion: Unilateral acts to laterally bend the cervical neck. Bilateral assists in extension of cervical spine

48
Q

Anterior Deltoid actions:

A

Abduction of shoulder.

Ant. fibers flex and in supine position medially rotate shoulder joint.

49
Q

Lattisimus Dorsi actions:
Origin Fixed:
Insertion Fixed:
Bilateral:

A
  • Origin: Int. rotation, adducts, and extends shoulder. depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral flexion of trunk
  • Insertion: Assists in tilting pelvis anterior and laterally
  • Bilateral: hyperextending the spine, anteriorly tilting pelvis or flexing the spine, depending on axis.

May acts as accessory respiratory mm.

50
Q

Cybex machine

A

Used for isokinetic movements

-good for rehabbing painful arc syndrome

51
Q

Buerger-Allen Exercises

A
  • For patients with Buerger’s, Raynauds, Elderly, bedridden, or early stage DM.
  • Administrated to patients with vascular disease. Done 6-7 reps and several times a day.
    1. support legs in an elevated 60-90 degrees for 30-180 seconds or until blanching of extremities. Then actively dorsiflex and plantarflex the ankle throughout the rest of the procedure.
    2. Allow feet to hang over the bed for 2-3 minutes or as long as it takes to produce hyperemia then add 1 min. The total time should not exceed 5 min.
    3. Place legs in horizontal position for 3-5 minutes.
52
Q

Extension type exercises for low back conditions and CAN be done during the acute phase:

A

McKenzie Exercises

53
Q

Codman’s Exercises AKA Pendular Exercises:
Goal:
Uses:

A

To strengthen the shoulder girdle while eliminating the use of the supraspinatus mm. - Finger wall walking for abduction of the shoulder

Uses: Frozen shoulder, and rotator cuff rehabilitation.

-works everything but internal and external rotation

54
Q

DeLorme’s Exercises:

A

Systematic approach to mm strength by increasing the resistance on the mm. Ex. Weight lifting.

Sets of 3 x 10 reps

55
Q

Trigger points =

A

myofascitis

56
Q

*Kegel exercises are for who?

A

Pregnant females and ppl with urinary incontinence.

57
Q

Jacobson’s exercises

A

Stress exercise to relax mm.

  • Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
  • Mental Imagery
58
Q

OA of the hip - which hand do you place the cane?

A

Opposite of OA

59
Q

High (Heat) Frequency modalities- 100,000 Hz or higher

A
  • UV
  • IR
  • SWD
  • MWD
  • US
60
Q

**Medium Frequency modalities - 2K-10K Hz

A

-IF –> Deepest E-modality

61
Q

Low Frequency modalities - 1 - 2K Hz

Used to tetanize or exercise a mm.

A
  • LVG
  • HV
  • SW
  • Faradic
  • TENS
  • IF
62
Q

Ultra Low Frequency Modalities - below 1 Hz

A

-Micro-current:
Primary Action:Incr. ATP and AA
Secondary Action: Decrease Pn

63
Q

Micro-current:

Primary and secondary actions:

A

Primary Action:Incr. ATP and AA

Secondary Action: Decrease Pn

64
Q

Electrokinetic action:

A

Contracting a mm electrically

65
Q

Massage:

Physiological Effects:

A 
-Increases:
Blood and lymph flow,
HR,
BP,
Breaks adhesions (Transverse Friction Massage-TFM),
Removes Lactic Acid
-Decreases:
Edema
Congestion
Nerve activity (sedation effect)
66
Q

Massage:
Indications:

A

Strains/Sprains, Bruises, Bursitis, Tendonitis

67
Q

Massage:
Contraindications:

A

*Key = Vascular problems

Phlebitis, Thrombosis, Varicosities, Ulcerations, Local acute conditions

68
Q

Types of Massage:

A

-Effleurage - stroking
-Petrissage - deep kneading for mm tissue
-Tapotment - percussion:
1 Flat hand slapping
2. fist pounding
3. finger tips tapping for young kids
4. ulnar side hacking
5. cupping for cystic fibrosis
-Friction - deep rubbing (Powder)(TFM)
-Vibration - shaking (extremities only), genie rub, G5, and thumper
-Deep Pressure - Nimmo acupressure

69
Q

Transverse Friction Massage - TFM:
Actions:
Indications:

A
  • Breaks adhesions in mm., ligaments, and joint capsules
  • Decreases chemical cross linking

Indications: Sprain/strain, tendonitis, bursitis
***-not recommended fro calcific tendonitis or bursitis (will inflame the tissue even more)

70
Q

Traction:
Action:
Types:
Physiological Effects:

A

Action: mechanical
Types: Constant and intermittent (pumping, gliding, *disc problems)
Phys. Effects: Decrease intradiscal pressure, increase IVF space, break adhesions (intermittent), straightens curves (continuous), breaks mm spasms (intermittent), gliding of facet joints

71
Q

Traction:
Indications:

A
  • Disc syndromes
  • Foraminal encroachment
  • hyperlordosis
  • chronic mm spasms
  • fibrotic adhesions
72
Q

Traction:

Contraindications

A
  • Bone weakening conditions (osteoporosis, rickets, osteomalacia)
  • Pregnancy Not at any time - relaxin
  • Rheumatoid arthritis (transverse ligament laxity, Down’s syndrome) unless flx and ext. views are taken
  • Acute mm spasms
  • Fx (even healed compression fx)
  • Hypertensive disorders
73
Q

Traction:
Dosage for cervical:
Position:

A
  • Cervical: begin at 5% of BW and increase a max of 2lb/treatment to a max of 50lbs never exceeding patient tolerance
  • Position: C2-C7 Flx. 25-28 degrees. C0-C1 neutral or 0 degrees

it takes 10lbs to overcome weight of the skull. So min = 10lbs

74
Q

***Traction:
Dosage for lumbar:
Position:

A

-Dosage: Begin = 25% of BW. Increase a max of 5lbs/treatment to a max of 150 or 50% of BW whichever comes first. Never exceed patient tolerance.

-Position: Supine with legs flexed and knees flexed AKA: 90/90 Traction or Goucher’s position (Relaxes mm, flattens lumbar curve)

75
Q

**Cryotherapy:

Action:

A

Hypothermal - removes heat and reduces tissue temp.

Uses: Life-threatening fever.

avoid BP Problems

76
Q

Cryotherapy:

Physiological Effect: Local and Systematic

A

Local:

  • Vasoconstriction (followed by vasodilation Hunting-Lewis Reaction)
  • Decrease capillary pressure
  • Edema reduction
  • decreased nerve metabolism
  • anesthetic to the nervous system

Systemic:

  • incr. BP
  • Decr. Blood flow
77
Q

***Cryotherapy:

Contraindications:

A
  • Circulatory compromise (Raynauds, Beurgers)
  • Patient hypersensitive to cold (elderly)
  • Frostbite
  • Chillblains - after Fb (use + pole galvanize)
  • HBP
78
Q

Cryotherapy:
Types:

A
  • ice packs (1 towel layer for 20 min.)
  • Blue Ice (1 towel layer for 20 min)
  • Ice immersion - 10-15 minutes**
  • Vapocoolant sprays flouromethane (ethyl chloride) flexible keep 14-18” away from patient
  • Cryokinetics -ice massage for 5 min. and ROM or movements

Chiro - Boards (2 decks)

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