Chinese population Flashcards
What is the current population of China (2023 estimate)?
As of 2023 China’s population is approximately 1.41 billion slightly declining for the first time in 60 years.
When did China experience its first population decline in decades?
In 2022 the population dropped by 850000 marking the first national decline since 1961.
How is China’s population expected to change by 2100?
It could fall to under 800 million nearly halving due to low birth rates and aging.
What is China’s current fertility rate?
The fertility rate dropped to 1.09 births per woman in 2022—well below the replacement level of 2.1.
What is China’s population density?
China’s population density is 153 people per km² but is highly uneven with far more people in the east.
What proportion of China’s population is over 65?
As of 2023 around 15% of the population is over age 65—about 210 million people.
How is life expectancy changing in China?
Life expectancy is rising reaching 78.2 years in 2022 up from 66 years in 1990.
What effect does aging have on China’s workforce?
The working-age population fell from 997 million in 2013 to 875 million in 2022.
What caused China’s gender imbalance?
The one-child policy and son preference led to selective abortions—by 2020 there were 33 million more men than women.
What is the current sex ratio at birth in China?
In 2022 the sex ratio was 111 boys for every 100 girls down from a peak of 121 in 2005.
What are the social impacts of gender imbalance?
One in five men may not find a wife by 2030 increasing social pressure and trafficking risks.
How urbanized is China today?
In 2022 65% of China’s population lived in cities—up from just 26% in 1990.
What is the Hukou system and how does it affect migration?
It restricts access to services for rural migrants—over 290 million people live outside their registered hometowns.
Which cities are the largest population centers in China?
Shanghai (24+ million) Beijing and Guangzhou are the most populous urban areas.
How has internal migration shaped China’s workforce?
Rural migrants fuel urban labor—making up 35% of the urban workforce.
What was the One-Child Policy and when did it end?
It ran from 1980 to 2016 to control population—later replaced by two-child and three-child policies.
Has the three-child policy increased birth rates?
No—China had only 9.56 million births in 2022 the lowest since 1950.
What is China doing to address its demographic crisis?
Offering subsidies tax breaks and cash—some provinces offer up to $5000 per child to boost fertility.
What is the Dependency Ratio in China
45%
What was China’s GDP in 2023
$17.79 trillion, 2nd in the world, $12,600 per capita
What was China’s HDI in 2022
0.788, 75th
