Chinese Grammar Flashcards
1
Q
position of direct and indirect objects
A
tā gěi wǒ yī běn shū
她给我一本书。
2
Q
position of prepositional phrases
A
always occurs right before verb
3
Q
position of prepositional phrases: He eats dinner with his girlfriend.
A
tā gēn tā de nǔ péngyou chī wǎnfàn。
4
Q
location phrase position
A
always occurs before verb phrase
5
Q
I eat at home.
A
wǒ zài jiā chī fàn
我在家吃饭。
6
Q
position of “time when” phrases
A
subject + time when + predicate (always at start of predicate)
7
Q
I drink coffee every day with my friend.
A
wǒ měitiān gēn wǒ de péngyou hē kāfēi。
我每天跟我的朋友喝咖啡。
8
Q
If “time when” is emphasized or contrasted with another time…
A
…may occur before the subject.
9
Q
order of “time when” with location phrases
A
subject + time when + location + verb phrase
10
Q
I eat at home every day.
A
wǒ měitiān zài jiā chīfàn。
我每天在家吃饭。
11
Q
position of adverbs
A
occur at the beginning of the predicate, before the verb and any prepositional phrase
12
Q
Last month I only saw one movie.
A
wǒ shàng ge yuè zhǐ kàn le yí gè diànyǐng。
我上个月只看了一个电影。
13
Q
position of negation
A
occurs before verb and any prepositional phrase, usually after an adverb
14
Q
position of duration phrases
A
directly follow the verb
15
Q
I lived in China for 3 years.
A
wǒ zài Zhōngguǒ zhù le sān nián。
我在中国住了三年。
16
Q
order within the noun phrase
A
main noun in the noun phrase (the head noun) occurs as last word in the phrase. All modifying phrases come before head noun.
17
Q
position of direct and indirect objects
A
subject + verb + indirect object + direct object
18
Q
No one doesn’t like himself.
A
měiyǒu rén bù xǐhuan zìjǐ de。
没有人不喜欢自己的。
19
Q
I hope they will get married, but I myself don’t plan to get married.
A
wǒ xīwàng tāmen jiéhūn， kěshì wǒ zìjǐ bù xiǎng jiéhūn。
我希望结婚，可是我自己不想结婚。
20
Q
This is MY affair [not yours].
A
zhè shì wǒ zìjǐ de shì。
这是我自己的事。
21
Q
poor me
A
kělián de wǒ。
可怜的我。
22
Q
pretty her
A
měilì de tā。
美丽的她。
23
Q
She said she is very busy today.
A
tā shuō tā jīntiān hěn máng。
她说她今天很忙。
24
Q
I know he doesn’t have any money.
A
wǒ zhīdào tā méiyǒu qián。
我知道他没有钱。
25
I'd better go now. If I don't go I will be late.
我děi zǒu le。Zài bù zǒu jiù wǎn lo。
| 我得走了。再不走就晚咯。
26
的
de -- noun modification
27
得
de -- postverbal adverbial modification
28
地
de -- preverbal adverbial modification
29
着
zhe -- duration
30
I wrote her a letter.
wǒ gěi tā xiě le yì fēng xìn。
| 我给她写了一封信。
31
I went to the library.
wǒ dào túshūguǎn qù
le。
我到图书馆去了。
32
That child has a bad temper.
Nàge háizi，píqi hěn huài。那个孩子，脾气很坏。
33
Mutton, I don't particularly like to eat it.
yángròu，wǒ bú tài xǐhuan chī。
| 羊肉，我不太喜欢吃。
34
7,066
qī qiān líng liù shí liù
| 七千零六十六
35
9,102
jiǔ qiān yì bǎi líng èr
| 九千一百零二
36
25,250
liǎngwàn wǔ qiān èrbǎi wǔshí
37
2,225,250
liǎngbǎi èrshí'èr wàn
| 两百二十二万
38
522,225,250
wǔyì liǎngqiān èrbǎi èrshí'èr wàn
39
more or less
number + classifier (+ noun) + zuǒyòu
| 左右
40
"about," almost
chàbuduō + number + classifier
| 差不多
41
number (+ classifier + noun) + "or more"
yǐshàng
| 以上
42
..."or fewer"
number (+ classifier + noun) + yǐxià
| 以下
43
within one year
yì nián yǐnèi
| 一年以内
44
more than 50 people
(number + duo + classifier)
wǔshì duō ge rén
五十多个人
45
I'll come back in a day or two.
wǒ yī liǎng tiān jiù huí lai
| 我一两天就回来。
46
This thing sells for around three or four dollars.
zhège dōngxi mài sān sì kuài qián zuǒyòu
| 这个东西买三四块钱左右。
47
one third
sān fēn zhī
yī
三分之一
48
10%
bǎi fēn zhī shí
| 百分之十
49
1.1
一点一
50
0.35
líng diǎn sān wǔ
| 零点三五
51
3-1/2 cups (of water)
sān bēi bàn (shuǐ)
| 三杯半水
52
"fold" (twofold, threefold, etc.)
bèi
| 倍
53
Prices have all doubled.
jiàgé dōu zēngjiā le yī bèi le。
| 价格都增加了一倍了。
54
I have twice as many books as you.
wǒ de shū shì nǐ de shū de liǎng bèi。
| 我的书是你的书的两倍。
55
You give a discount?
dǎ zhé ma？
| 打折吗？
56
20% off, 80% of discounted price
bā zhé
| 八折
57
odd numbers
dānhào
| 单号
58
even numbers
shuānghào
| 双号
59
Please come to me.
qǐn g dào wǒ zhèr lái。
| 请到我这儿来。
60
one sheet of paper (also for table, photo, flat shapes)
yì zhāng zhǐ
| 一张纸
61
this pen
zhè zhī gāngbǐ
| 这枝钢笔
62
one house
yī suǒ fángzi
| 一所房子
63
classifier for animals
zhī
| 只
64
classifier for cars
liàng
| 辆
65
classifier for things with handles (one chair)
yī bǎ yǐzi
| 一把椅子
66
classifier for film
bù
部
yī bù diànyǐng
67
classifier for clothing items
jiàn
| 件
68
1/2 kilogram
jīn
| 斤
69
bowl
wǎn
| 碗
70
loaf
tiáo
| 条
71
slice/piece
kuài
| 块
72
bottle
píng
| 瓶
73
pot/vase
hú
| 壶
74
bouquet
shù
| 束
75
a car that I like
wǒ xǐhuan de chē
| 我喜欢的车
76
a written character
xiě de zì
| 写的字
77
the people who have come
lái de rén
| 来的人
78
the person who sells books
mài shū de rén
| 买书的人
79
a student who has come from Japan
cóng Rìběn lái de xuésheng
| 从日本来的学生
80
the things he likes
tā xǐhuan de dōngxi
| 他喜欢的东西
81
the movie that we saw
wǒmen kàn de diànyǐng
| 我们看的电影
82
whose book?
shéi de shū？
| 谁的书？
83
those two very smart exchange students who you introduced me to
[nǐ gěi wǒ jièshào de] [nà liǎng ge] [hěn cōngming de] liúxuéshēng
你给我介绍的那两个很聪明的留学生
84
3 years afterward, after 3 years
sān nián yǐhòu
| 三年以后
85
rarher
bǐjiào
| 比较
86
quite
xiāngdāng
| 相当
87
especially
tèbié
特别
yóuqí 尤其
88
extremely
jíqí
| 极其
89
more
gèng
| 更
90
to be terrific
hǎojíle 好极了
| hǎo de bùdéliǎo 好的不得了
91
He is taller than you.
tā bǐ nǐ gāo
| 他比你高
92
He is even taller.
tā gèng gāo；tā hái （yào ）gāo
93
I am not as tall as you.
wǒ méiyǒu nǐ gāo。
| 我没有你高。
94
both... and...
yòu... yòu...
| 又。。。又。。。
95
Things are more and more expensive.
dōngxi yuè lái yuè guì
| 东西越来越贵。
96
more and more
yuè lái yuè
| 越来越
97
the more (action), the more (adjectival verb)
yuè。。。yuè。。。
| 越。。。越。。。
98
It was YESTERDAY that he came. He came YESTERDAY.
tā shì zuótiān lái de。
| 他是昨天来的。
99
It may rain tomorrow.
míngtiān huì xià yǔ。
| 明天会下雨。
100
néng
| 能
expresses physical ability or the unobstructed ability to perform some action
101
He can't drink alcohol.
tā bù kěyǐ hē jiǔ。
| 他不可以喝酒。
102
must
bìxū，bìděi
| 必须，必得
103
not necessary
bù bì
| 不必
104
must not, not allowed
bù xǔ
| 不许
105
he attended class
tā shàng kè le
| 她上课了。
106
I didn't buy a computer.
wǒ méi mǎi diànnǎo
| 我没买电脑。
107
He is speaking.
tā zài shuōzhe huà ne。
| 他在说着话呢。
108
to hang (clothing)
guà
| 挂
109
to become sick
bìng
| 病
110
to depart
líkāi
| 离开
111
I'll come looking for you at 2:00, okay?
wǒ （zài） liǎng diǎn zhōng lái zhǎo nǐ，xíng ma？
| 我在两点钟来找你，行吗？
112
What did he say to you?
tā duì nǐ shuō le shénme huà？
| 他对你说了什么话？
113
He slowly walked out of the dorm.
de cóng tā mànman sùshè zǒuchūlái le。
| 他慢慢的从宿舍走出来了。
114
he's thinking about going to the library to look for books.
tā xiǎng dào túshūguǎn qù zhǎo shū。
| 他想到图书馆去找书。
115
He went into the city.
tā jìn chéng qù 了。
| 他进城去了。
116
He wrote a letter on my behalf.
tā gěi wǒ xiě xìn le。
| 他给我写信了。
117
He borrowed a book from me.
tā xiàng wǒ jiè shū le。
| 他向我借书了。
118
She bought a book for me.
tā gěi wǒ mǎi shū le。
| 她给我买书了。
119
My wallet was stolen by someone.
wǒ de píbāo bèi rénjiā tōuzǒu le。
| 我的皮包被人家偷走了。
120
My book was lost by my friend.
wǒ de shū jiào péngyou nòngdiū le。
| 我的书叫朋友弄丢了。
121
She doesn't like me at all.
tā bìng bù xǐhuan wǒ。
| 她并不喜欢我。
122
Perhaps she won't go.
tā yéxǔ bù qù。
| 她也许不去。
123
He can speak Chinese and can also speak Japanese.
tā huì shuō Zhōngwén，hái huì shuō Rìwén。
| 他会说中文还会说日文。
124
After I read the newspaper I will go to sleep.
wǒ kàn le bào yǐhòu jiù shuì jiào。
| 我看了报以后就睡觉。
125
only
zhǐ
| 只
126
He only knows 5 characters.
tā cái rènshí wǔ ge zì。
| 他才认识五个字。
127
I only have five dollars (and that is all).
wǒ zhǐ yǒu wǔ kuài qián éryǐ。
| 我只有五块钱而已。
128
The relationship between him and me is not bad.
wǒ tóng tā de guānxi hěn bú cuò。
| 我同他的关系很不错。
129
or
或者
| huózhě
130
3 terms for "by"
bèi 被，jiào 叫，ràng 让
131
My car was stolen by him.
wǒ de chē （bèi/jiào/ràng）tā tōuzǒu le。
| 我的车（被/叫/让）他偷走了。
132
That dictionary was borrower by Little Li.
Nà běn zìdiǎn （bèi/jiào/ràng）Xiǎo Lǐ gěi jièzǒu le。
| 那本字典（被/叫/让）小李给借走了。
133
That bad person was arrested.
nàge huàirén bèi/gěi zhuāzhù le。
| 那个坏人被/给抓住了。
134
He was fired by the school.
tā bèi xuéxiào chèzhí le。
| 他被学校撤职了。
135
He was fired
tā bèi chèzhí le。
| 他被撤职了。
136
The policeman didn't tow your car away.
nǐ de chē méiyǒu bèi jǐngchá tuōzǒu。
| 你的车没有被警察拖走。
137
The trees here were all cut down by people.
zhèr de shù dōu bèi rén kǎn le。
| 这儿的树都被人砍了。
138
My friend was cheated.
wǒ péngyou bèi piàn le。
| 我朋友被骗了。
139
jiào
| 叫
passive marker, to call, to allow
140
ràng
| 让
passive marker, to let, to allow
141
gěi
| 给
passive marker, to give, on behalf of, for
142
The friend sent the fruit as a gift. (A friend took the fruit and sent it as a gift.)
péngyou bǎ shuíguǒ sònglai le。
| 朋友把水果送来了。
143
This book was written by my professor.
zhè běn shū shì wǒ jiàoshòu xiě de。
| 这本书是我教授写的。
144
I have heard so much about you.
jiǔ wén dà míng。
| 久闻大名。
145
I've wanted to meet you for a long time.
tā bìng bù xǐhuan wǒ。
| 她并不喜欢我。
146
The feeling is mutual.
bícǐ，bícǐ。
| 彼此，彼此。
147
doctor
yīshēng，dàifu
| 一生，大夫
148
nurse
护士
| hùshì
149
master, skilled person
shīfu
| 师傅
150
professor
jiàoshòu
| 教授
151
lawyer
lùshī
152
judge
fǎguān
| 法官
153
chairperson of political party
zhǔxí
| 主席
154
principal
xiàozhǎng
| 校长
155
police officer
jǐngchá
| 警察
156
receptionist
gōngguān
| 公关
157
secretary
mìshū
| 秘书
158
director of a dept.
zhǔrèn
| 主任
159
driver
sījī
| 司机
160
ambassador
dàshǐ
| 大使
161
president, chief of state
zǒngtǒng
| 总统
162
general manager
zǒngjīnglǐ
| 总经理
163
title for older man near your age
dà gē
| 大哥
164
title for older woman near your age
dà jiě
| 大姐
165
title for a man about your father's age
shūshu
| 叔叔
166
title for woman near your mother's age
āyí
| 阿姨
167
title for man grandfather's age
yéye
| 爷爷
168
title for woman grandmother's age
nǎinai
| 奶奶
169
young fellow
xiǎo huǒzi
| 小伙子
170
little friend
xiǎo péngyou
| 小朋友
171
scientist
kēxuéjiā
| 科学家
172
writer
zuòzhě
| 作者
173
artist
huàjiā
| 画家
174
musician
yīnyuèjiā
| 音乐家
175
reporter
jìzhě
| 记者
176
accountant
kuàijì
| 会计
177
farmer
nóngmín
| 农民
178
worker
gōngrén
| 工人
179
dentist
yáyī
| 牙医
180
fireman
jiùhuǒyuán
| 救火员
181
carpenter
mùjiang
| 木匠
182
plumber
shuǐgōng
| 水工
183
owner of a business
yèzhǔ
| 业主
184
accounting
kuàijì xué
| 会计学
185
anthropology
rénlèixué
| 人类学
186
art
rénwén kēxué
| 人文科学
187
Asian studies
yàzhōu xuéxì
| 亚洲学系
188
biology
shēngwù xué
| 生物学
189
chemistry
huàxué
| 化学
190
computer science
zīxùn
| 资讯
191
geography
dìlǐ xué
| 地理学
192
geology
dìzhì xué
| 地质学
193
economics
jīngjì xué
| 经济学
194
history
lìshǐ
| 历史
195
math
shùxué
| 数学
196
medicine (study of)
yīxué
| 医学
197
philosophy
zhé xué
| 哲学
198
physics
wùlǐ xué
| 物理学
199
political science
zhèngzhì xué
| 政治学
200
psychology
xīnlǐ xué
| 心里学
201
religious studies
zōngjiào xué
| 宗教学
202
sociology
shèhuì xué
| 社会学
203
theater
xìjù xué
| 戏剧学
204
linguistics
yǔyán xué
| 语言学
205
Going to class, I assume. (greeting)
shàng kè ba！
| 上课吧
206
Are you going home? (greeting)
huí jiā ne？
| 回家呢？
207
Going to work, right?
shàng bān ne
| 上班呢
208
What are you up to?
gànmá ne？
| 干吗呢？
209
What are you busy doing?
máng shénme ne？
| 忙什么呢？
210
Don't hurry off.
màn zǒu。
| 慢走
211
Come again when you have time.
yǒu kòng zài lái。
| 有空再来。
212
Take care.
hǎo zǒu
| 好走。
213
Have a good trip.
yī lù shùn fēng。
一路顺风。
yīlùpíng'ān。
一路平安。
214
excuse me
máfan nǐ，láojià
| 麻烦你，劳驾
215
I'd like to inquire for a moment
(wǒ xiǎn g）dǎting yiíxià
| 我想打听一下
216
What do you want?
shénme shì？
| 什么事？
217
Is something the matter?
yǒu shì ma？
| 有事吗？
218
What's the matter?
zěnme le？
| 怎么了？
219
Is it clear?
qīngchu ma？
| 清楚吗？
220
How is it pronounced?
zěnme niàn？
| 怎么念？
221
Signaling you are following the speaker.
shì，shì， ng，ng，duì，duì
222
fillers
nàme，ng，zhège
223
The issue we are going to discuss today is...
jīntiān yào tándào de wèntí shì。。。
| 今天要谈到的问题是。。。
224
in the first place...
shǒuxiān
225
Please look at...
qǐng kàn。。。
| 请看
226
afterwards (to describe sequence in past)
hòulái
| 后来
227
afterwards
ránhòu
| 然后
228
As for buying the plane tickets... (regarding + noun phrase)
guānyú mǎi fēijī piào de shì。。。
| 关于买飞机票的事。。。
229
in reference to
zhìyú
| 至于
230
even, go so far as to (noun or verb phrase)
shènzhì yú
| 甚至于
231
All the arrangements have been taken care of, even down to the place where you will live.
yìqié shǒuxù dōu bànhǎo le，shènzhìyú nǐ zhù de dìfang。
| 一切手续都办好了，甚至于你住的地方。
232
For example
bǐfang shuō。。。比方说
lìrú。。。例如
pìrú。。。譬如
233
In other words; to put it another way...
zǒng éryánzhī
| 总而言之
234
To sum up...
zǒngkuò láishuō
| 总括来说
235
Finally...
zuì hòu
| 最后
236
Please call me.
qǐng gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà。
| 请给我打电话。
237
receive a phone call
jiē diànhuà
| 接电话
238
No one is answering the phone.
méi rén jiē diànhuà。
| 没人接电话。
239
I sent you a text.
wǒ gěi nǐ fā le duǎnxìn。
| 我给你发了短信。
240
I received your text.
wǒ shōu le nǐ de duǎnxìn
| 我收了你的短信
241
send/receive a fax
fā/shōu chuánzhēn
| 发/收传真
242
send an email
fā diànzi xìn / sòng diànzi yóujiàn
| 发电子信 / 送电子邮件。
243
add/open an attachment
tiānjiā / dǎkāi fùjiā jiàn
| 添加附加件
244
enter a phone number
shūrù diànhuà hàomǎ
| 输入电话号码
245
Let's be in touch by phone.
wǒmen tōng diànhuà。
| 我们通电话。
246
I'd like to leave a message.
wǒ yào liú yán。
| 我要留言。
247
I was unable to get through (by phone).
wǒ dǎbutōng。
| 我打不通。
248
The line is busy.
xiànzài zhàn xiàn。
| 现在占线。
249
to do well on the exam
kǎodehǎo
| 考得好
250
Have you finished reading that book?
nǐ kànwán le nà běn shū méiyǒu？
| 你看完了那本书没有？
251
Most adverbs occur... negation.
before
252
absolutely not
gēnběn + negation
253
I am absolutely not willing to live with him.
wǒ bìng bù yuànyi gēn tā yīqǐ zhù。
| 我并不愿意跟他一起住。
254
any
rènhé
| 任何
255
I didn't tell anyone.
wǒ méi gàosu rènhé rén。
| 我没告诉任何人。
256
unable to finish eating
chībuwán
| 吃不完
257
to ask a question for which you know the answer:
bú shì + ma
| 不是+吗
258
Hasn't he already graduated?
tā bú shì yǐjing bì yè le ma？
| 他不是已经毕业了吗？
259
at what place?
zài shénme dìfang？
260
On what grounds are you arresting me?
nǐ píng shénme dàibǔ wǒ？
| 你凭什么逮捕我？
261
You write this character this way.
zhège zì zhèyàng xiě。
| 这个字这样写。
262
There are a lot of people sitting on the bus.
gōnggòng qìchē shàng zuòzhe hěn duō rěn。
| 公共汽车上坐着很多人。
263
That table is made of wood.
nàge zhōzi shì yòng mùtou zuò de。
| 那个桌子是用木头昨的。
264
What is [noun] made of?
[noun] shì yòng shénme zuò de？
| 是用什么昨的？
265
cool (weather)
liángkuai
| 凉快
266
muggy, hot and humid
mēn rè
| 闷热
267
warm
nuǎnhuo
| 暖和
268
cloudy
duō yún
| 多云
269
mild (weather)
wēnhé
| 温和
270
windy
guā fēng
| 刮风
271
temperature
wēndù
| 温度
272
degree
dù
| 度
273
below zero
língxià
| 零下
274
Fahrenheit
huáshì
| 华氏
275
Celsius
shèshì
| 摄氏
276
I have a runny nose.
wǒ liú bíti
277
I have a cough.
wǒ késou
| 我késou
278
I have a high fever.
wǒ fā gāo shāo。
| 我发高烧
279
I am sneezing.
wǒ dǎ pēntì。
| 我打喷嚏.
280
I have a sore throat.
wǒ sǎngzi téng。
| 我嗓子疼。
281
I have an infection.
wǒ fāyán。
| 我发炎。
282
I have a stomach ache.
wǒ dùzi téng。
| 我肚子疼。
283
I have diarrhea.
wǒ lā xī。
| 我拉稀。
284
He has a broken bone.
tā gǔtou duàn le。
| 他骨头断了。
285
He drives a car slowly.
tā kāi chē kāi de màn。
| 他开车开的慢。
286
You all did well on the exam.
nǐmen kǎo shì dōu kǎo de hǎo。
| 你们考试考得好。
287
Hurry up and eat!
kuàikuāi de chī ba！
| 快快得吃吧！
288
resultative suffix "to finish"
wán
| 完
289
resultative suffix "to do to a successful conclusion"
好
290
resultative suffix "to perceive," used with see, hear, smell, indicates result of an action
见，jiàn
291
resultative suffix, to attain a goal, to acquire
dào，到
292
resultative suffix, to attain a goal, to acquire
zháo
| 着
293
resultative suffix, to do wrong, to be mistaken
cuò
| 错
294
resultative suffix, to be full
抱
| bǎo
295
resultative suffix, to understand
dǒng
| 懂
296
resultative suffix, to know
huì
| 会
297
resultative suffix, to stick
住
| zhù
298
resultative suffix, to open
kāi
| 开
299
resultative suffix, enough
gòu
| 够
300
resultative suffix indicating result of an action: to use up
guāng
| 光
301
resultative suffix indicating the result of the action, to be clear
qīngchu
| 清楚
302
resultative suffix indicating the result of the action, to be clean
gānjìng
| 干净
