China I

Question 1

Ming Dynasty

Answer 1

1368-1644: prestigous empire w control over Korea, Mongolia, Siam, Vietnam, etc
Contact w European traders from 1514: Portuguese (macau) in 1557 and Dutch in 1622
Also missionaries from 16th c.

Question 2

Qing

Answer 2

1644-1911: Powerful in 18th c but characterised as an empire of decline (last chinese dynasty)
Initially a net exporter: tea, silk, and china (import of silver)
Europeans were also forced to pay tributes to emperor

Question 3

White lotus rebellion

Answer 3

1794-1804: a severe blow to the prestige and strength of the dynasty

Question 4

Decline of Qing

Answer 4

Local rebellions
Technological and economic backwardness - overtaken by european industrial rev.
Opium trade: european attempt to create a more favourable trade balance - made china a net importer and disrupted chinese society

Question 5

1st opium war

Answer 5

1839-42
Cause: Chinese dissatisfaction leading to destruction of opium shipments in Canton
British response: declaration of war and conquering of Canton, Shanghai and Nanjing

Question 6

Treaty of Nanjing

Answer 6

1842
Result from 1st opium war
No end to opium trade
British territory in Hong Kong
5 ports in mainland China w European customs and tariffs
Extraterritoriality

Question 7

Extraterritoriality

Answer 7

The imposition of a nation’s customs and laws on another nation + ignorance of local customs and laws

Question 8

More unequal treaties

Answer 8

1844 with france and US - even more concessions and system of treaty ports

Question 9

2nd opium war

Cause, treaty and consequences

Answer 9

1856-60
Cause: resistance in Guangdong - chinese seizure of a British ship
1858: another unequal treaty
1859: european diplomats were chased away by protesters
1860: deposition of emperor and conquering of Canton and Tianjin
Concurrent Russian expansion

Question 10

Treaty of Tianjin

Answer 10

1858
No restriction for missionaries
Western diplomats could live in Beijing: took away diplomatic control from the emperor

Question 11

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 11

1850-1864: an anti-manchu, monotheistic, egalitarian movement
20-30 million casualties
1861-64: Westerners aid in suppression
Also led to western collaboration and modernisation

Question 12

New tensions

Answer 12

From 1870 onwards
Causes: London’s refusal to modify treaties, colonisation of vassal states and missionary work