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Ethnomusicology > China > Flashcards

China Flashcards

1
Q

Who controlled music

A

Dynasty or whoever has political power

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2
Q

Confucius

A

Philosopher
Dominated music for several thousand years
Taught that music isn’t for entertainment but more a means of expression - people using music for entertainment had lower social status
Formed basis for two types of music

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3
Q

How long ago is there evidence of scores?

A

2 BC

2000+ years ago

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4
Q

What did the Chinese people believe about sound?

A

Sound influenced the harmony of the universe

Like energy and stuff

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5
Q

Qin dynasty

A

Destroyed all music before its time because they thought music was a wasteful activity
Music had too strong of an influence

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6
Q

Han dynasty

A

Reintroduced concepts of Confuciusism with same principles until 1911
From 206 BC - 22 AD

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7
Q

What happened 1911?

A

Enter pop culture

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8
Q

Modern Chinese music

A

Struggled with incorporating elements of a Western music while keeping own musical philosophy

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9
Q

2 types of music

A

Ya-yueh

Su-yueh

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10
Q

Ya-yueh

A

Elegant music
More sophisticated
Only performed in Confucius temples

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11
Q

Su-yueh

A

Popular music

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12
Q

Who could listen to sophisticated music?

A

(Ya-yueh)

Only the educated people

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13
Q

Most important genre

A

Solo instrumental performance

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14
Q

Fundamental pitches?

A

From bamboo “Lu pipes”

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15
Q

Tuning instruments

A

Putting music in tune with the universe

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16
Q

Tone system

A

Cyclic

Blowing tubes closed at one end and lengths that are mathematically proportioned

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17
Q

Tubes used in tuning (?)

A

12 tubes total
In 2 groups
6 “male”
6 “female”

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18
Q

Tones used

A

5 tones are pentatonic scale
Represent 5 elements (earth, sea, sky, wind, fire)
6th and 7th tones - F#, B are CHANGING TONES
-combined with pentatonic scale make up heptatonic scale (or LYDIAN mode)

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19
Q

Texture

A

Both monophonic and homophonic

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20
Q

Form

A

Through composed

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21
Q

Melody and timbre

A

Predominant elements

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22
Q

Rhythm

A

LOTS of rubato unless in an ensemble

Rhythm is VERY free

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23
Q

Chinese instruments

A

Categorized by 8 materials they’re made of

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24
Q

8 materials

A 
Metal
Stone
Clay
Skin
Wood
Bamboo
Gourds
Silk
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25
Q

Metal instruments

A 
Chun
Luo
Chuzeng baizhong
Chimes
Bo
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26
Q

Stone instruments

A

Qing

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27
Q

Clay instruments

A

Xun

Fou

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28
Q

Skin instruments

A

Dagu

All ending in “gu”

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29
Q

Wood instruments

A

Zhu

Mu yu

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30
Q

Gourd instruments

A

Sheng

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31
Q

Bamboo instruments

A

Suona
Dizi
Xiao

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32
Q

Silk (plucked)

A

Guqin
Guzheng
Pipa
Ruan

33
Q

Silk (bowed)

A

Erhu

Yehu

34
Q

Silk (struck)

A

Yangqin

35
Q

Chun

A

Bells

Metal

36
Q

Luo

A

Gongs

Metal

37
Q

Chuzeng baizhong

A

100 bronze bells on a rack
Struck using poles
Metal

38
Q

Chimes

A

…
Chimes?
Metal

39
Q

Bo

A

Cymbals

Metal

40
Q

Qing

A

Stone

Stone chimes

41
Q

Xun

A

Clay
Ocarina
Clay with holes

42
Q

Fou

A 
Clay
Clay pot (you hit it)
43
Q

Dagu

A

Skin

“Big drum”

44
Q

Ending in “gu”

A

All drums
Skin
Stretched hide over hollow vessel

45
Q

Zhu

A

Wood

Wood box

46
Q

Mu yu

A

Wood
Wooden fish
Chinese temple block/woodblock

47
Q

Sheng (instrument)

A

Gourd
Mouth blown free reed instrument
17 bamboo pipes set in gourd

48
Q

Free reed instrument

A

Reed is inside the instrument (not in mouth)

49
Q

Suona

A 
Bamboo
For outdoors 
Double reed instrument
Metal bell
Bright sound
50
Q

Dizi

A

Bamboo
Bamboo flute
6-8 holed flute
2000 years old

51
Q

Xiao

A

Bamboo

Vertically end-blown flute (blow down)

52
Q

Guqin

A

Silk (plucked)
7 stringed zither without bridges
3000 years old

53
Q

Guzheng

A

Silk (plucked)
Zither with movable bridges
16-25 strings

54
Q

Pipa

A 
Silk (plucked)
Very important
4 string lute
30 frets
Pear shaped
55
Q

Erhu

A

Silk (bowed)
2 stringed fiddle
Made of Python skin as resonator

56
Q

Yehu

A

Silk (bowed)
2 stringed instrument like erhu
Coconut body instead of Python skin

57
Q

Yangqin

A

Silk (struck)

Dulcimer with near squared soundboard

58
Q

Ruan

A 
Silk (plucked)
Chinese guitar
4 stringed moon shapes lure
Long straight neck
Various number of frets
59
Q

Chinese opera general

A 
Social activity
Dates back to 1790 in Beijing 
Originally performed on outdoor stages
Socializing, eating and drinking occurs during the performances 
Highest expression of Chinese culture
60
Q

Peking opera

A

Beijing type
Most well known opera
Most performed style of opera in China

61
Q

Chinese opera costumes

A

Graceful and elegant

Little scenery or props used

62
Q

Opera length

A

Between 3 and 4 hours

63
Q

Chinese opera storylines

A 
Revolve around Chinese fairy tales
Historical events
Emperors
Love stories
Warring periods of Chinese history
64
Q

Physical action in Chinese opera

A

Choreography
Acrobatics
Martial arts

65
Q

Chinese opera lyrics

A

Singing

Rhythmically speaking

66
Q

4 main characters in Peking opera

A

Sheng
Dan
Chou
Jing

67
Q

Sheng (opera)

A

Male character
Middle aged man with bears
Decency figure/righteous

68
Q

Dan

A

Female character
Strong minded middle aged woman
Behaves elegantly

69
Q

Chou

A

Comic role
Ridiculously funny
White powder on nose so they’re recognized

70
Q

Jing

A

Male characters with unique appearance and personality

Different colours represent different traits

71
Q

Jing colour: red

A 
Loyalty
Heroism
Brave
Righteous
Good traits
72
Q

Jing colour: purple

A

Wisdom
Respect
Sophistication
Often goes with red

73
Q

Jing colour: green

A

Violent
Impulsive
Stubborn

74
Q

Jing colour: yellow/white

A

Sneaky
Hypocritical
Treacherous

75
Q

Jing colour: black

A

Honesty/frankness
Valiant
Noble
Neutrality?

76
Q

Jing colour: blue

A

Bravery
Wild
The robber/thief
Stubborn

77
Q

Jing colour: gold/silver

A

Monsters + gods

78
Q

Instruments in a typical Peking opera

A 
Percussion
Stringed
Clappers
Bass
Gongs
Cymbals
Erhu
Yueqin
Suona etc

Ethnomusicology (5 decks)

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