Africa

Question 1

African instruments

Answer 1

Usually made from materials from the natural environment
Human voice, body percussion common
Idiophones most common
Xylophones, strong/wind instruments introduced during colonization (sax, trumpet, guitar)

Question 2

Talking drum

Answer 2

Membranophone
Strings around 2 headed drum
Tightening string changes pitch

Question 3

Djembe

Answer 3

Membranophone
One headed
Wood
Goblet shaped

Question 4

Doumbek

Answer 4

Membranophone
One headed
Metal/clay
Goblet shaped

Question 5

Water drum

Answer 5

Water in drum

Membranophone

Question 6

Djun djun

Answer 6

Membranophone

Two headed with strings

Question 7

Sakara

Answer 7

Membranophone

Hand drum

Question 8

Axatse

Answer 8

Idiophone

Bearded/beaded gourd

Question 9

Gangkogui

Answer 9

Double bell

Idiophone

Question 10

Toke

Answer 10

Idiophone

Little bell

Question 11

Mbira

Answer 11

Idiophone
Thumb piano
Up to 28 keys

Question 12

Balafon

Answer 12

Idiophone
Xylophone
Played with mallets

Question 13

Kudu/kudu horn

Answer 13

Aerophone

Horn from the kudu

Question 14

Trumpets

Answer 14

Oh come on

Question 15

Pan pipes

Answer 15

Aerophone

Bamboo

Question 16

Sax

Answer 16

Please tell me you know what this is

Question 17

Mbela (Uhadi)

Answer 17

Chordophone
Harp like musical bow
One string
Bent branch

Question 18

Kora

Answer 18

Chordophone

21 string guitar

Question 19

Seperewa

Answer 19

Harp like lute

Chordophone

Question 20

Sanku

Answer 20

Seperewa

Question 21

Rhythm

Answer 21

Foundation of African music
Strong pulse
Steasy rhythmic ostinatos
Polyrhythms
Compounds of 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 
3:2 relationship
Communication (villages, spirits, each other)

Question 22

Timbre

Answer 22

Preference from raspy, rougher timbre
Buzzing and rattling of instruments encouraged
Vocal sound is very raw and sounds less refined to us
Percussive and dynamically loud palette

Question 23

Melody

Answer 23

Simple
Diatonic use of scales
Pentatonic scale too
Repetition and improvisation

Question 24

Harmony

Answer 24

Vocal harmonies

3rds, 4ths, 5ths

Question 25

Texture

Answer 25

Polyphonic in vocal and percussion lines

Monophonic lines also common

Question 26

Form

Answer 26

Rhythmic ostinatos
Repetition and improv
Call and response common

Question 27

Geography

Answer 27

53 countries, 1000+ tribes
70% rural, 30% urban
Divided north and south by Sahara desert

Question 28

Influences on music

Answer 28

European - colonization, Christianity
Middle eastern - Islam, trade
Americas - enslavement (16-19th centuries)

Question 29

Ngoma

Answer 29

Means dance and music in Kiswahili
Incomplete without both meanings
Music and dance exist together

Question 30

Role of music in society

Answer 30

Not performed out of intended cultural context
Very participatory (not used to entertain)
Everyone is involved (no observers)
To celebrate everyday rites of passage as well as larger celebrations (life cycles, annual rituals, spiritual rituals)

Question 31

Folk and traditional music

Answer 31

Functional

Work songs, ceremonial/religious music, to accompany birth, marriage, hunting, political events

Question 32

How is music passed down

Answer 32

Through generations
Taught in rote fashion
-not written down
Griots

Question 33

Griots

Answer 33

Music experts in villages
Guardians of oral history of village
Experts of songs and instruments