China Flashcards
What was the Boxer Rebellion?
A nationalist uprising against foreign control in China, suppressed by an eight-nation coalition, leading to increased foreign influence.
What significant event occurred in 1911 in China?
The last Qing emperor, Pu Yi, abdicated, and the Republic of China was formed. Sun Yat-sen became a key leader promoting nationalism and democracy.
What happened in 1927 regarding the Communists and GMD?
The Nationalists (GMD) broke ties with the Communists (CCP), starting a bloody civil war marked by the Shanghai Massacre.
What was the significance of the invasion of Manchuria by Japan in 1931?
Japan invaded using a staged incident, setting up the puppet state of Manchukuo, which sparked international criticism but little immediate action.
What was the Long March?
(1934-36)
A retreat by the CCP over 6,000 miles to escape the GMD, solidifying Mao Zedong’s leadership and boosting party morale.
What occurred in 1937 in China?
Full-scale war broke out with Japan, where Japanese committed atrocities like the Rape of Nanking, uniting many Chinese against the invaders.
What happened after World War II in 1945?
The civil war resumed between the CCP and GMD after Japan’s defeat, with the GMD struggling due to loss of support and resources.
What was the outcome of the civil war in 1949?
The CCP defeated the GMD and declared the People’s Republic of China, with Mao Zedong as leader, marking a significant shift in Chinese society and governance.
What did the Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 entail?
Land was taken from landlords and redistributed to peasants, encouraging anti-landlord sentiments and leading to violent struggles.
What was the Great Leap Forward?
A push for rapid industrialization and collective farming initiated in 1958, resulting in famine and millions of deaths.
What was the Cultural Revolution?
Launched by Mao in 1966 to enforce communist ideals, leading to the Red Guards attacking perceived enemies and millions being persecuted.
What happened in 1976?
Mao’s death ended his long rule and sparked a power struggle in the Communist Party, leading to significant political and economic reforms under Deng Xiaoping.
What occurred during the Tiananmen Square protests
1989? Pro-democracy protests by students in Beijing resulted in a government crackdown, representing a pivotal moment in the fight for political reform in China.
What is the CCP?
The ruling party of China founded in 1921, led by Mao Zedong, responsible for establishing communist rule in 1949.
Who were the Guomindang (GMD)?
The nationalist party led by Chiang Kai-shek that opposed the CCP and retreated to Taiwan after losing the civil war.
What was the 100 Flowers Campaign?
A 1956 initiative by Mao inviting criticism of the Communist Party, which led to a crackdown on dissent.
What was the Red Army?
The military branch of the CCP, crucial in the Chinese Civil War and establishing communist rule. (university students)
Who were the Red Guards?
Youth groups mobilized during the Cultural Revolution to enforce Maoist ideology and attack perceived enemies.
What is the Little Red Book?
A collection of Mao’s quotes published in 1964, used for propaganda and as a symbol of Mao’s influence.
What was the One Child Policy?
Implemented in 1979 to control population growth, leading to significant demographic changes and social consequences.
Who was Pu Yi?
The last emperor of China, who abdicated in 1912 after the fall of the Qing Dynasty and later became a puppet ruler under Japanese control.
Who was Sun Yat-sen?
The founding father of the Republic of China (Nationalists) and key leader in the 1911 Revolution advocating for nationalism and democracy.
Who was Chiang Kai-shek?
Leader of the Nationalist Party (GMD), who fought against the Communists in the civil war and retreated to Taiwan after the GMD’s defeat.
Who was Mao Zedong?
The founding father of the People’s Republic of China and leader of the CCP, known for implementing radical policies that transformed society.
Who was Deng Xiaoping?
Key leader after Mao, known for economic reforms that opened China to market practices and emphasized economic development.
