Chile DIploma WSET Flashcards
How much per cent need from grapes need in DO in Chile ?
75% must come from the label DO, but the majority used 85% for export purpose.
The same for variety and vintage.
The appellation system set up in 1995.
How would you describe the 4 key geographical features of Chile?
- To the West is the Pacific Ocean
- Just inland are the Coastal Mountain Ranges
- To the East are the Andes Mountains
- South of Santiago is a large depression between the two mountain ranges called ‘Central Valley’.
What does mean Reserva, Reserva Especial ,Reserva privada and Gran Reserva?
- This can be found in red wines.
- It is a distinctive organoleptic quality and have a minimum of 6 month oak ageing.
- Wines labeled Reserva and Reserva Especial must have a minimum 12% abv.
- Wines labeled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva require a minimum 12.5% abv.
- In addition, Reserva Especial and Gran Reserva wines spend mandatory time in oak.
What it is the key on the climate in Chile?
- The influence of the Pacific breeze is more important than latitude and altitude.
- The cold Humboldt Current flows up from Antarctica along the chilean coast.
- The prevailing winds blow cool air inland along the river valleys.
- Also this can include fog.
- The cooling effect of these winds is strongest where there are low mountains and where the valley close to the Pacific sea.
- In the vineyards close to the Andes, also is another effect caused by cold air that descends from the mountains overnight and can cause a diurnal temperature range of up to 20C.
What 3 things provides the cooling in Coastal areas and inside much of the Inland Mountain ranges?
- The cold Humboldt Current flows up from Antarctica
- Prevailing winds blow cool air inland along river valleys
- Coastal areas can experience fog
Topographically, what are conditions like between the Coastal mountains and the Andes?
More sheltered. Large expanses of flat land that is easier to cultivate
What is special about Chilean grapevines and root stock?
Chile’s vines are all ungrafted and phylloxera-free.
How would you describe the climate of Chile? What is the one risk of the climate?
Generally Warm Mediterranean
Dry, sunny, growing season = Grapes reliably ripen and low fungal risk.
RISK - Drought; in some places water is in short supply
Chile is now in the ____ largest exporter of wine and the ___ largest producer.
5th / 7th
Roughly speaking how would you describe the climate of Chile?
The climate of Chile is diverse but can be described generally as warm Mediterranean
What weather is potentially associated with El Niño and La Niña?
El Niño years - Rainfall can be very heavy
La Niña years - Drought may occur
What factors contribute to Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley being cooled?
What climate to they have?
They lie between the Pacific Ocean and the Coastal Mountains benefitting from morning fogs and afternoon winds from the Ocean.
Cool maritime climate
What provides the cooling in the Chilean foothills of the Andes?
Cold air descends from mountains overnight providing a large diurnal range.
Introduced in 2012 what are the 3 new terms introduced to describe where a wine is from and what do they mean?
Costa = From near the coast
Entre Cordilleras = Between the (mountain) ranges
Andes = From the mountain area
Until the 21st century, Chile was mostly planted to what grape?
País
It is still widely planting and used for local consumption.
Cabernet Sauvignon in Chile
- Half of the black grape varieties planted.
- Made in variety of styles from fruity to full body premium.
- Usually blended with Merlot, Carmenere and Syrah.
- The wines show intense berry fruit and capsicum.
What best describes a typical Carmenére wine?
- Chile’s signature grape variety.
- Late-ripening, most successful in warmer areas.
- Full-bodied, high tannin. Pungent red with velvet tannins.
- Very difficult to ripen the tannins and avoid herbaceous flavours without having very high alcohol levels.
- Overtly herbaceous when not fully ripe, but good examples achieve a balance between herbal and black fruit and red pepper aromas.
- Mixed on vineyard with Merlot.
Syrah in Chile
Areas such as San Antonio produce high quality Syrah with ripe, black fruits backed up by a subtle pepperines.
2. The premium expressions especially in the cooler coastal or northerly regions such as the Elqui Valley are already thought to be among the best wines in Chile.
Pinot Noir in Chile
- It is showing great promise, especially in San Antonio and Casablanca.
Sauvignon Blanc in Chile
- 1 of the 3 grape variety that dominated the plantings.
- Sauvignon Blanc has benefited from the development of new, cooler vineyard sites from Casablanca and San Antonio removing Sauvignonasse.
- The coastal vineyards are now yielding excellent fruity Sauvignon Blancs.
- Producers generally try to avoid excessive herbaceousness. The result: high alcohol as well as riper fruit.
- New plantings are showing clean, ripe and tropical fruit, and generally avoiding the extreme herbaceous notes that characterise many other Sauvignon Blanc.
Chardonnay in Chile
- Ripe and healthy fruit leads to a purity of flavour.
- Crisp citrus and apple characters are usually complemented by toast and caramel characters from oak treatment.
- Chardonnay in Chile have been made in a modern international style with ripe fruit and oak flavours.
Viticulture in Chile
- Chile has many viticultural advantages.
- The dry, sunny growing season ensures that the grapes reliably ripen and fungal diseases are kept to a minimum.
- Develop organic viticulture due to this one.
- High yields are commonplace, but not incompatible with high fruit quality.
- Low rain means irrigation is essential, snow melt from the Andes provides the water for drip irrigation.
- Drip irrigation has lead to an increasing problem with nematodes.
- Despite Chile is phylloxera free status many new plantings are on grafted rootstock with nematode resistance.
- Chile now is stimulated focus on export market and the need to remain competitive by improving quality and diversity.
- With new technology, the winemakers now are exploit better the unique terroirs in new areas, taking the advantage of the variety of soils and climates that exist.
What are growing conditions like in the Aconcagua Valley?
What 3 grapes would you find there?
The vineyards on the fertile valley floor are some of the warmest growing conditions in Chile.
Cabernet Sauvignon / Merlot / Carmenère
What grape has Leyda Valley gained an excellent reputation for growing?
Sauvignon Blanc
How would you describe the climate of Aconcagua Valley?
Flat, fertile and very warm
Which Chilean winery is not only the largest in Chile, but also in the whole of South America?
Concha y Toro
What 2 black and 2 white grapes do well in Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley?
Syrah / Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc / Chardonnay
Carmenère is usually harvested after Cabernet Sauvignon.
Why is this?
Underripe Carmenere grapes produce wine with unpleasant, undesirable green flavors. Harvesting it later minimizes these green flavors and maximizes fruit notes.
How would you describe the climate of Casablanca and San Antonio Valleys?
Cool, between the sea and Coastal mountain ranges.
What is the most widely grown grape variety in Chile?
Cabernet Sauvignon
What factors contribute to Casablanca Valley and San Antonio Valley being cooled?
What climate to they have?
They lie between the Pacific Ocean and the Coastal Mountains benefitting from morning fogs and afternoon winds from the Ocean.
Cool maritime climate
What are the 3 sub-regions of the Aconcagua Region and what is the renowned Zone within one of the subregions?
- Aconcagua Valley
- Casablanca Valley
- San Antonio Valley containing Leyda Valley Zone
The Aconcagua Valley
- It is a steep sided narrow valley that enjoys somo cooling influences from ocean and the mountains.
- It offers the warmest growing conditions in Chile.
- It is a classic red wine area where Cabernet Sauvignon is dominated, but mixed with Syrah and Carmenere.
- Reds from Aconcagua Valley had rich , ripe fruit flavours with high alcohol and tannins.
- In recent years producers have been looking for reduce alcohol and find more freshness and complex fruit flavours.
- Now, vineyard are place more onto slopes in cooler wester end valley.
Casablanca and San Antonio in Chile
- Share similitudes.
- Both lie between the coastal mountains and the Pacific.
- It has a cooler sites thanks to morning fogs and afternoon winds that blow in oof the ocean.
- Result: more white wines than red.
- Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay dominates but it is the Sauvignon Blanc that has gained the greatest reputation particularly in San Antonio and in Leyda Valley.
- Pinot Noir also is benefited from the cooler climate but it is Syrah in Casablanca, most successful.
- In Casablanca, where it is planted in the warmer and higher vineyard sites in the east giving well-structured wines with a spice herbal edge.
Tell me the regions from Central Valley Region in Chile
- Maipo
- Rapel ( Cachapoal y Colchagua)
- Curicó
- Maule