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South America > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

When did Pais first come to Chile?

A

1550s, via Peru

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2
Q

When did Chile declare independence from Spain? Under whose leadership?

A

1818

Bernardo O’Higgins, son of an Irish-born Spaniard

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3
Q

Who is credited with bringing some of the first French vine cuttings into Chile? When?

A

Claude Gay

1830s

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4
Q

Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Chilean Winemaking? Why?

A

Silvestre Ochagavia
He visited Bdx and brought back the first Box vine cuttings in 1851, when he founded Ochagavia winery, Chile’s first modern winery.

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5
Q

What is Chile’s oldest winery still in operation today? When was it founded?

A

Viña Ochagavia

1851

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6
Q

Name three Chilean wineries founded in the 1800s

A 
Viña Ochagavia 1851
Cousiño Macul 1856
Viña San Pedro 1865
Viña Errazuriz 1870
Santa Carolina 1875
Santa Rita 1880
Concha y Toro 1883
Undurraga 1885
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7
Q

Who is South America’s largest vineyard holder? How many ha do the own?

A

Concha y Toro

9,000 ha total, some of it in Argentina

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8
Q

What is considered a “small” and “medium” sized winery in Chile?

A

100,000 cases is small

one million is medium

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9
Q

What slowed Chilean wine production in early 20th century?

A

World war, economic depression, temperance movement.

Anti-alcohol law from 1938-73 set production quotas and limited planting. Effectively kept prices high for low quality.

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10
Q

How did Pinochet affect the Chilean wine industry? When was he in power?

A

He reformed and liberalized the free market, allowing wineries to become competitive again. But his policies also increased economic inequality.
1973-1990.

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11
Q

Who is credited with modernizing Chile’s wine industry? When? Where are they based?

A

Miquel Torres (from Priorat)
1979
Curico

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12
Q

What were some of the first Chilean foreign investment projects, with dates.

A 
Los Vascos 1988
Vina Aquitania 1990
Lapostolle 1994
Sena 1995
Almaviva 1997
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13
Q

Who owns Vina Aquitania? Where is it?

A 
Bruno Prats (formerly of Cos d'Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (current managing director of Cht Margaux).
Maipo
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14
Q

Who owns Los Vascos?

A

Domaine Barons de Rothschild-Lafite

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15
Q

Name some Burgundy producer’s projects in Chile

A 
William Fevre (William Fevre Chile)
Martin Prieur (consults for Cono Sur)
Louis-Michel Liger-Belair (Aristos w Pedro Parra)
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16
Q

What does MOVI stand for? When was it started?

A

Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes

2009

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17
Q

How many members did MOVI start with? How many are there now?
Name 3 members

A 
12
More than 24
Garage Wine Co.
Montsecano
Kingston
Von Siebenthal
Sigla
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18
Q

What are the requirements of MOVI?

A
  • Small, quality oriented
  • make wine on a human scale
  • craft wine to reflect a particular vision
  • Not be a Fortune 500 company or an economic company
  • Only owners and/or winemakers can pour at tastings
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19
Q

What are the 5 geographic sectors of Chile?

A 
Norte Grande
Norte Chico
Zona Central
Zona Sur
Zona Austral
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20
Q

What are the mountains ranges of Chile?

A

Cordilleras de la Costa (Coastal Range)

Andes

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21
Q

When did Chile begin their Denomination de Origen (DO) system?

A

enacted in 1994

in effect in 1995

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22
Q

What is the name of the oceanic influence of Chile?

A

The Humboldt Current

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23
Q

What are the types of DOs in Chile, largest to smallest

A

Region
Subregion
Zone
Area

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24
Q

What grape cannot appear on a chilean DO label?

A

Pais (maybe?)

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25
Q

What major changes in Chilean wine law happened in 2012?

A

Atacama and Austral were added as regions

Costa, Entre Cordilleras and Andes divisions were created

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26
Q

If labeled with a geographical division (Costa, Andes, Entre Cordilleras) what percentage of the grapes must come from said division?

A

85%

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27
Q

What is the most planted grape in Chile?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon (occupies about 1/3 of total vineyard area

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28
Q

When did Carmenere get “discovered” in Chile?

A

1994 by Jean-Michel Boursiquotat Vina Carmen in Maipo (coincidental name)

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29
Q

Why did Carmenere not get replanted in Bdx post-phylloxera?

A

It doesn’t graft well

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30
Q

Name a synonym for Carmenere

A

Grand Vidure

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31
Q

What is the parentage of Carmenere?

A

Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet

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32
Q

What is the parentage of Gros Cabernet?

A

Fer x Hondurrabi Beltza

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33
Q

When is Carmenere typically harvested in Chile?

A

May, 2-3 weeks after CS

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34
Q

Name two varietal bottling of Carmenere.

A

Errazuriz Kai

Concha y Toro Carmin de Peumo

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35
Q

What are some top areas for Carmenere?

A

Peumo in Cachapoal

Apart and Los Lingues in Colchagua

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36
Q

What is the average rainfall in Atacama?

A

15 mm

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37
Q

What is a pergola called in Chile?

A

Parron

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38
Q

Name 3 grapes used in Chilean Pisco

A 
Moscatel (Alexandria)
Moscatel Rosado
Moscatel de Austria (Torrontes Sanjuanino)
Torontel 
Pedro Jimenez
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39
Q

What is another name and the parentage of Torontel?

A

Moscatel Amarillo

Pais x Muscat of Alexandria

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40
Q

What are the subregions of Atacama DO?

A

Valle de Copiapo DO

Valle del Huasco DO

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41
Q

What are the subregions of Coquimbo DO? North to south.

A

Elqui Valley DO
Limari Valley DO
Choapa Valley DO

42
Q

What are the areas of Valle del Elqui DO?

A

La Serena DO (Costa)
Vicuña DO (Andes)
Paiguano DO (Andes)

43
Q

What is the highest growing region in Chile? How high does it go?

A

Valle del Elqui

Vineyards are planted up to 2,200 meters`

44
Q

What ret he major grapes of Elqui DO?

A

Syrah in the east
Pedro Jimenez (mostly for Pisco)
SB

45
Q

Where in Chile can you find Calcareous soil?

A

Valle del Limari DO

Red clay atop limestone, similar to Coonawarra

46
Q

Name the areas of Valle del Limari DO

A 
Ovalle DO (Costa)
Monte Patria DO (Andes)
Punitaqui DO (EC)
Rio Hurtado DO (Andes)
47
Q

What allows Limari to be a cooler climate region?

A

Coastal influence, not elevation
Comanchaca Fog
Northern gap in the Coastal Range at the Tongoy Bay
Smaller opening in the west where Limari River meets the ocean

48
Q

What is the only Costa appellation of Limari?

A

Ovalle DO

49
Q

What is the most planted variety of Limari DO?

A

Chardonnay

all that limestone…

50
Q

What is the least important region of Coquimbo DO?

A

Choapa DO

51
Q

In what country is Aconcagua Mountain?

A

Mendoza, Argentina

Aconcagua Region in Chile is name after the river that flows down from it.

52
Q

What Is the steepest mountain in South America?

A

Mount Aconcagua

53
Q

What are the 2 areas of Aconcagua DO that are not in a subregion?

A

Valle del Marga-Marga DO

Zapallar DO

54
Q

What Area of Aconcagua Valley DO is Costa?

A

Quillota DO

55
Q

Name three areas of Aconcagua Valley DO.

A 
Quillota DO (costa)
Panquehue (EC)
San Felipe (EC)
Catemu (EC)
Hijuelas (EC)
Llaillay (EC)
Santa Maria (Andes)
Calle Larga (Andes)
San Esteban (Andes)
56
Q

When was Seña started? When did Mondavi stop being involved?

A

1995

It was been entirely owned by Eduardo Chadwick since 2005

57
Q

What DO subregion is entirely Costa?

A

Casablanca DO

58
Q

What cools Casablanca DO?

A

Cool wind coming off the Humboldt Current

59
Q

Who is Pablo Morande?

A

Pioneered winemaking in Casablanca DO in 1982

60
Q

Name 3 wineries in Casablanca DO

A

Villard
Kingston
Montsecano
Ritual (owned by large-scale Veramonte)

61
Q

Describe Casablanca DO’s climate

A

Cool Mediterranean

fog and wide diurnal swing

62
Q

What percentage of Casablanca DO is planted to white grapes?

A

75%

63
Q

Why do Casablanca vines need to be grafted?

A

Nematodes, which love the sandy soils

64
Q

What are the zones of San Antonio DO?

A

Valle de Leyda DO

Lo Abarca DO

65
Q

What are the areas of San Antonio DO?

A 
2 within Leyda:
San Juan
Santo Domingo
2 outside of a zone:
Cartegena
Algarrobo
66
Q

What is the closest zone to the ocean in Chile? How close is it?

A

Lo Abarca
4 km away from the
ocean

67
Q

What grape is Leyda DO known for?

A

SB

68
Q

What are the regions of the Zona Central in Chile? North to south

A

Maipo DO
Rapel DO
Curico DO
Maule DO

69
Q

Which subregion of Aconcagua DO is closest to the coast?

A

San Antonio DO

70
Q

Name 3 Area DOs of Maipo DO

A 
Isla de Maipo DO (EC)
Alhue (EC)
Santiago (Andes)
Pirque (Andes)
Puente Alto (Andes)
Buin (Andes)
71
Q

How is the Maipo unofficially divided. What are the parameters for each?

A

Maipo Costa/Maipo Baja- Southwest, lowest lying
Medio Maipo- central area
Alto Maipo- 400-600 meters

72
Q

What is the soil of Puente Alto DO?

A

Gravelly

North bank of the Maipo River

73
Q

What is the general soil of Alto Maipo?

A

Well-drained alluvial deposited by the Maipo River

74
Q

Name 3 top Puente Alto wines

A

Don Melchor
Vinedo Chadwick
Almaviva

75
Q

Who makes Casa Real and where is the vineyard located?

A

Santa Rita

The vineyard is name Carneros Viejos and is in Alto Jahuel in Alto Maipo

76
Q

What are the zones of Rapel DO?

A

Cachapoal Do

Colchagua DO

77
Q

Name 3 areas in Cachapoal DO

A

Peumo DO

78
Q

What is the most heavily planted DO subregion in Chile?

A

Rapel DO

79
Q

What rivers feed into the Rapel River?

A

Cachapoal River

Tinguiririca River

80
Q

Name 2 areas in Cachapoal DO.

A

Peumo DO

Rancagua DO

81
Q

Which zone of Rapel DO is further north and inland?

A

Cachapoal DO

Therefore, it is warmer.

82
Q

Name two Camenere wines labeled under the Peumo DO

A

Concha y Toro’s Carmin de Peumo

Santa Carolina’s Herencia

83
Q

Name 3 producers based in Cachapoal DO

A

Vik
Altair
Anakena
Clos de Fous

84
Q

Name 3 Area DOs in Colchagua DO

A 
Apalta DO (EC)
Lolol DO (Costa)
Marchigüe DO (EC)
Los Lingues (Andes)
Santa Cruz DO (EC)
San Fernando DO (Andes)
85
Q

Where is Apalta located? What is its status?

A

Colchagua

Area DO in Entre Cordilleras

86
Q

What are the Zones of Curico DO?

A

Teno DO

Lontue DO

87
Q

Name 3 Areas of Curico DO.

A 
Lontue:
Sagrada Familia DO (EC)
Molina DO (A)
Teno:
Vichuquen DO (C)
Licanten DO (C)
Rauco DO (EC)
Romeral DO (A)
88
Q

Compare Curico’s climate to Maipo and Rapel.

A

Curico is a little cooler and has more rainfall in the winter, resulting in typically greener flavors. CS is still most planted grape, but there are more white grapes here

89
Q

Where is the Manso de Velasco vineyard? What is it and who owns it?

A

Curico DO
100 year old CS vines
Miguel Torres

90
Q

Name the zones of Maule DO

A

Claro DO
Loncomilla DO
Tutuven DO

91
Q

What are the rules for VIGNO?

A 
Min 30 yr old vines
Min 24 mo age, any vessel
Min 85% Carignan
Head Trained
Dry Farmed
92
Q

Name 3 VIGNO producers.

A 
Garage Wine Co.
J. Bouchon
De Martino
Undurraga
Miguel Torres
Lapostolle
93
Q

What year did VIGNO begin?

A

2010

94
Q

What is the most planted grape in the Maule DO?

A

Cab Sauv

95
Q

What are the subregions of Sur DO?

A

Itata DO
Bio-Bio-DO
Malleco DO

96
Q

Name 2 areas of Itata DO

A 
Portezuelo DO (C)
Coelemu DO (C)
Chillan DO (EC)
Quillon DO (EC)
97
Q

What are the rivers of Itata DO?

A

Itata River

Ñuble River

98
Q

What are the areas of Bio-Bio DO?

A 
Yumbel DO (EC)
Mulchen DO (EC)
99
Q

What are the mountains of Bio-Bio? How do they affect the climate?

A

Nahuelbuta Mountains, part of the southern Coastal Range.

Somewhat shields the region from coastal influence.

100
Q

What is the area of Malleco DO?

A

Traiguen DO

101
Q

What are the subregions of Austral DO?

A

Cautin DO

Osorno DO

South America (3 decks)

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