Chile Flashcards
When did Pais first come to Chile?
1550s, via Peru
When did Chile declare independence from Spain? Under whose leadership?
1818
Bernardo O’Higgins, son of an Irish-born Spaniard
Who is credited with bringing some of the first French vine cuttings into Chile? When?
Claude Gay
1830s
Who is referred to as the Father of Modern Chilean Winemaking? Why?
Silvestre Ochagavia
He visited Bdx and brought back the first Box vine cuttings in 1851, when he founded Ochagavia winery, Chile’s first modern winery.
What is Chile’s oldest winery still in operation today? When was it founded?
Viña Ochagavia
1851
Name three Chilean wineries founded in the 1800s
Viña Ochagavia 1851 Cousiño Macul 1856 Viña San Pedro 1865 Viña Errazuriz 1870 Santa Carolina 1875 Santa Rita 1880 Concha y Toro 1883 Undurraga 1885
Who is South America’s largest vineyard holder? How many ha do the own?
Concha y Toro
9,000 ha total, some of it in Argentina
What is considered a “small” and “medium” sized winery in Chile?
100,000 cases is small
one million is medium
What slowed Chilean wine production in early 20th century?
World war, economic depression, temperance movement.
Anti-alcohol law from 1938-73 set production quotas and limited planting. Effectively kept prices high for low quality.
How did Pinochet affect the Chilean wine industry? When was he in power?
He reformed and liberalized the free market, allowing wineries to become competitive again. But his policies also increased economic inequality.
1973-1990.
Who is credited with modernizing Chile’s wine industry? When? Where are they based?
Miquel Torres (from Priorat)
1979
Curico
What were some of the first Chilean foreign investment projects, with dates.
Los Vascos 1988 Vina Aquitania 1990 Lapostolle 1994 Sena 1995 Almaviva 1997
Who owns Vina Aquitania? Where is it?
Bruno Prats (formerly of Cos d'Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (current managing director of Cht Margaux). Maipo
Who owns Los Vascos?
Domaine Barons de Rothschild-Lafite
Name some Burgundy producer’s projects in Chile
William Fevre (William Fevre Chile) Martin Prieur (consults for Cono Sur) Louis-Michel Liger-Belair (Aristos w Pedro Parra)
What does MOVI stand for? When was it started?
Movimiento de Vinateros Independientes
2009
How many members did MOVI start with? How many are there now?
Name 3 members
12 More than 24 Garage Wine Co. Montsecano Kingston Von Siebenthal Sigla
What are the requirements of MOVI?
- Small, quality oriented
- make wine on a human scale
- craft wine to reflect a particular vision
- Not be a Fortune 500 company or an economic company
- Only owners and/or winemakers can pour at tastings
What are the 5 geographic sectors of Chile?
Norte Grande Norte Chico Zona Central Zona Sur Zona Austral
What are the mountains ranges of Chile?
Cordilleras de la Costa (Coastal Range)
Andes
When did Chile begin their Denomination de Origen (DO) system?
enacted in 1994
in effect in 1995
What is the name of the oceanic influence of Chile?
The Humboldt Current
What are the types of DOs in Chile, largest to smallest
Region
Subregion
Zone
Area
What grape cannot appear on a chilean DO label?
Pais (maybe?)
What major changes in Chilean wine law happened in 2012?
Atacama and Austral were added as regions
Costa, Entre Cordilleras and Andes divisions were created
If labeled with a geographical division (Costa, Andes, Entre Cordilleras) what percentage of the grapes must come from said division?
85%
What is the most planted grape in Chile?
Cabernet Sauvignon (occupies about 1/3 of total vineyard area
When did Carmenere get “discovered” in Chile?
1994 by Jean-Michel Boursiquotat Vina Carmen in Maipo (coincidental name)
Why did Carmenere not get replanted in Bdx post-phylloxera?
It doesn’t graft well
Name a synonym for Carmenere
Grand Vidure
What is the parentage of Carmenere?
Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet
What is the parentage of Gros Cabernet?
Fer x Hondurrabi Beltza
When is Carmenere typically harvested in Chile?
May, 2-3 weeks after CS
Name two varietal bottling of Carmenere.
Errazuriz Kai
Concha y Toro Carmin de Peumo
What are some top areas for Carmenere?
Peumo in Cachapoal
Apart and Los Lingues in Colchagua
What is the average rainfall in Atacama?
15 mm
What is a pergola called in Chile?
Parron
Name 3 grapes used in Chilean Pisco
Moscatel (Alexandria) Moscatel Rosado Moscatel de Austria (Torrontes Sanjuanino) Torontel Pedro Jimenez
What is another name and the parentage of Torontel?
Moscatel Amarillo
Pais x Muscat of Alexandria
What are the subregions of Atacama DO?
Valle de Copiapo DO
Valle del Huasco DO
What are the subregions of Coquimbo DO? North to south.
Elqui Valley DO
Limari Valley DO
Choapa Valley DO
What are the areas of Valle del Elqui DO?
La Serena DO (Costa)
Vicuña DO (Andes)
Paiguano DO (Andes)
What is the highest growing region in Chile? How high does it go?
Valle del Elqui
Vineyards are planted up to 2,200 meters`
What ret he major grapes of Elqui DO?
Syrah in the east
Pedro Jimenez (mostly for Pisco)
SB
Where in Chile can you find Calcareous soil?
Valle del Limari DO
Red clay atop limestone, similar to Coonawarra
Name the areas of Valle del Limari DO
Ovalle DO (Costa) Monte Patria DO (Andes) Punitaqui DO (EC) Rio Hurtado DO (Andes)
What allows Limari to be a cooler climate region?
Coastal influence, not elevation
Comanchaca Fog
Northern gap in the Coastal Range at the Tongoy Bay
Smaller opening in the west where Limari River meets the ocean
What is the only Costa appellation of Limari?
Ovalle DO
What is the most planted variety of Limari DO?
Chardonnay
all that limestone…
What is the least important region of Coquimbo DO?
Choapa DO
In what country is Aconcagua Mountain?
Mendoza, Argentina
Aconcagua Region in Chile is name after the river that flows down from it.
What Is the steepest mountain in South America?
Mount Aconcagua
What are the 2 areas of Aconcagua DO that are not in a subregion?
Valle del Marga-Marga DO
Zapallar DO
What Area of Aconcagua Valley DO is Costa?
Quillota DO
Name three areas of Aconcagua Valley DO.
Quillota DO (costa) Panquehue (EC) San Felipe (EC) Catemu (EC) Hijuelas (EC) Llaillay (EC) Santa Maria (Andes) Calle Larga (Andes) San Esteban (Andes)
When was Seña started? When did Mondavi stop being involved?
1995
It was been entirely owned by Eduardo Chadwick since 2005
What DO subregion is entirely Costa?
Casablanca DO
What cools Casablanca DO?
Cool wind coming off the Humboldt Current
Who is Pablo Morande?
Pioneered winemaking in Casablanca DO in 1982
Name 3 wineries in Casablanca DO
Villard
Kingston
Montsecano
Ritual (owned by large-scale Veramonte)
Describe Casablanca DO’s climate
Cool Mediterranean
fog and wide diurnal swing
What percentage of Casablanca DO is planted to white grapes?
75%
Why do Casablanca vines need to be grafted?
Nematodes, which love the sandy soils
What are the zones of San Antonio DO?
Valle de Leyda DO
Lo Abarca DO
What are the areas of San Antonio DO?
2 within Leyda: San Juan Santo Domingo 2 outside of a zone: Cartegena Algarrobo
What is the closest zone to the ocean in Chile? How close is it?
Lo Abarca
4 km away from the
ocean
What grape is Leyda DO known for?
SB
What are the regions of the Zona Central in Chile? North to south
Maipo DO
Rapel DO
Curico DO
Maule DO
Which subregion of Aconcagua DO is closest to the coast?
San Antonio DO
Name 3 Area DOs of Maipo DO
Isla de Maipo DO (EC) Alhue (EC) Santiago (Andes) Pirque (Andes) Puente Alto (Andes) Buin (Andes)
How is the Maipo unofficially divided. What are the parameters for each?
Maipo Costa/Maipo Baja- Southwest, lowest lying
Medio Maipo- central area
Alto Maipo- 400-600 meters
What is the soil of Puente Alto DO?
Gravelly
North bank of the Maipo River
What is the general soil of Alto Maipo?
Well-drained alluvial deposited by the Maipo River
Name 3 top Puente Alto wines
Don Melchor
Vinedo Chadwick
Almaviva
Who makes Casa Real and where is the vineyard located?
Santa Rita
The vineyard is name Carneros Viejos and is in Alto Jahuel in Alto Maipo
What are the zones of Rapel DO?
Cachapoal Do
Colchagua DO
Name 3 areas in Cachapoal DO
Peumo DO
What is the most heavily planted DO subregion in Chile?
Rapel DO
What rivers feed into the Rapel River?
Cachapoal River
Tinguiririca River
Name 2 areas in Cachapoal DO.
Peumo DO
Rancagua DO
Which zone of Rapel DO is further north and inland?
Cachapoal DO
Therefore, it is warmer.
Name two Camenere wines labeled under the Peumo DO
Concha y Toro’s Carmin de Peumo
Santa Carolina’s Herencia
Name 3 producers based in Cachapoal DO
Vik
Altair
Anakena
Clos de Fous
Name 3 Area DOs in Colchagua DO
Apalta DO (EC) Lolol DO (Costa) Marchigüe DO (EC) Los Lingues (Andes) Santa Cruz DO (EC) San Fernando DO (Andes)
Where is Apalta located? What is its status?
Colchagua
Area DO in Entre Cordilleras
What are the Zones of Curico DO?
Teno DO
Lontue DO
Name 3 Areas of Curico DO.
Lontue: Sagrada Familia DO (EC) Molina DO (A) Teno: Vichuquen DO (C) Licanten DO (C) Rauco DO (EC) Romeral DO (A)
Compare Curico’s climate to Maipo and Rapel.
Curico is a little cooler and has more rainfall in the winter, resulting in typically greener flavors. CS is still most planted grape, but there are more white grapes here
Where is the Manso de Velasco vineyard? What is it and who owns it?
Curico DO
100 year old CS vines
Miguel Torres
Name the zones of Maule DO
Claro DO
Loncomilla DO
Tutuven DO
What are the rules for VIGNO?
Min 30 yr old vines Min 24 mo age, any vessel Min 85% Carignan Head Trained Dry Farmed
Name 3 VIGNO producers.
Garage Wine Co. J. Bouchon De Martino Undurraga Miguel Torres Lapostolle
What year did VIGNO begin?
2010
What is the most planted grape in the Maule DO?
Cab Sauv
What are the subregions of Sur DO?
Itata DO
Bio-Bio-DO
Malleco DO
Name 2 areas of Itata DO
Portezuelo DO (C) Coelemu DO (C) Chillan DO (EC) Quillon DO (EC)
What are the rivers of Itata DO?
Itata River
Ñuble River
What are the areas of Bio-Bio DO?
Yumbel DO (EC) Mulchen DO (EC)
What are the mountains of Bio-Bio? How do they affect the climate?
Nahuelbuta Mountains, part of the southern Coastal Range.
Somewhat shields the region from coastal influence.
What is the area of Malleco DO?
Traiguen DO
What are the subregions of Austral DO?
Cautin DO
Osorno DO
