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Chile Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Sub-Regions of Central Valley N to S

A

Maipo
Rapel
Curico
Maule

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2
Q

Atacama Climate

A

Norte Chico: Hot/Arid

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3
Q

Soils of Limarí

A

Calcareous: Red Clay over LS (Coonawarra-like)

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4
Q

Soils of Apalta

A

Granite

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5
Q

What is chicha?

A

A cooked/partially-fermented beverage.

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6
Q

Rapel Valley is located in the ___ Administrative Region.

A

O’Higgins

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7
Q

Copiapó Valley DO & Huasco Valley DO are located where?

A

Atacama!

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8
Q

Cautín Valley & Osorno Valley are located where?

A

Austral

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9
Q

San Antonio is located ___ of the Coastal Ranges.

A

West

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10
Q

International investment pours into Chile in the from ___ to ___, the years after Chile transitions to a democratic government.

A

1980’s to 2000

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11
Q

Why would a producer choose to employ Mixro-Oxygenation for Carmenère?

A

Carmenère is reductive.

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12
Q

Top 2 grapes of Casablanca

A

CH

SB

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13
Q

Where are Claro Valley, Loncomilla & Tutuvén located?

A

Maule

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14
Q

What are the Cordilleras de la Costa?

A

Coastal Range (Chile)

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15
Q

Grape of Limarí

A

Chardonnay

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16
Q

Villard, Vermahnte and Kingston Family Vineyards are producers located in ___.

A

Casablanca Valley DO

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17
Q

In 2012, what 3 divisions for DO wines were established?

A

Costa
Entre Cordilleras (“between the mountains”)
Andes

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18
Q

Top 2 Producers of Malleco

A

Viña Aquitania

Pedro Parra

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19
Q

What do the quality designations “Reserva”, “Gran Reserva”, “Selección” and Reserva Especial” indicate?

A

Higher ABV & Longer Oak-Aging

*Legally defined yet no real practical meaning!

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20
Q

Malleco Grapes

A

PN & CH

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21
Q

Who is the father of Chilean Wine?

A

Ochagavía

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22
Q

Aconcagua Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Zona Central

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23
Q

Who produces Don Maximinano?

A

Errázuriz

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24
Q

Aconcagua is located in the ___ Administrative Region.

A

Valparaíso

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25
Q

Chile’s top red wine region

A

Maipo Valley

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26
Q

Austral Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Zona Sur

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27
Q

Why is Carmenère pretty much non-existent in Bordeaux?

A

Difficult to graft.

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28
Q

___ is Chile’s most-heavily planted sub-region.

A

Rapel Valley

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29
Q

Top 2 grapes of Curico

A

CS

SB

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30
Q

___ is the red-headed step child of Colchagua

A

Cachapoal

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31
Q

Atacama Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Norte Chico

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32
Q

When does “vendimia” occur in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Feb-April

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33
Q

T or F: growers in Chile are increasingly using rootstocks

A

True

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34
Q

What grape varietal is forbidden on Chilean wine labels?

A

País

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35
Q

Chile’s latitude spans from ___ to ___?

A

17 - 53 * S

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36
Q

Highest peak in South America

A

Mount Aconcagua (Andes)

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37
Q

What is MOVI? Name 3 Members

A

“Movimiento de Viñateros Ind”; Association of producers with goal of making wine on a human scale (importance of size & personal attention to day to day winemaking)

Garage Wine Co.
Kingston Family V.
Villard

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38
Q

Rainfall ___ as you go S.

A

Increases

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39
Q

Delimited geographic area for Carignan

A

VIGNO

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40
Q

Chilean wine law mandates the use of ___ grapes.

A

Vitis Vinifera

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41
Q

Which sub-region is #1 in acreage under vine?

A

Maule

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42
Q

Grapes of Apalta

A

CS, Carmenère, Syrah

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43
Q

___ is the only country with a geographic designation of Pisco.

A

Peru

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44
Q

Carmenère does best in ___ soils.

A

Clay

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45
Q

What is the goal of the Vignadors de Carignan?

A

Committed to preserving the old vine Carignan that was planted after the 1939 EQ.

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46
Q

Major GF of Casablanca

A

Humboldt Current due to a gap in the Coastal Ranges.

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47
Q

___ is the sole producer of Rosario producing biodynamic ___.

A

a) Matetic

b) Syrah

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48
Q

Warmest region of the Central Valley

A

Rapel

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49
Q

___ is the S-most sub-region of the Central Valley.

A

Maule

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50
Q

Chile gains independence in ___ under ___.

A

a) 1818

b) Bernardo O’Higgins

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51
Q

Minimum ___% Grape, Origin & Vintage is required by law but what is more common? Why?

A

a) 75%
b) 85%
c) To comply with EU standards

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52
Q

To use “Costa”, “EC” or “Andes” on a bottle of DO wine, the wine must contain ___% of grapes from named region.

A

85%

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53
Q

Why would a producer choose to do a Hot Fermentation in Chile?

A

Reduces bitterness & softens tannins in Carmenère

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54
Q

When is the DO System Created?

A

Enacted 1994; 1995 1st Vintage

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55
Q

Chile’s 2 newest regions

A

Atacama (2012)

Austral (2012)

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56
Q

Aconcagua Valley DO Grapes & Styles for Costa, EC & Andes

A

Costa: WW (SB)
EC: BDX-blends
Andes: Grenache & Mourvèdre (too hot for CS)

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57
Q

___ is the highest growing region in Chile.

A

Elqui Valley DO; Moderating Influence/DTS

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58
Q

Where would you find the Area DOs of Peralillo, Marchigüe and Lolol?

A

Colchagua

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59
Q

Malleco is located in the ___ Administrative Region.

A

La Araucanía

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60
Q

___ is Chile’s narrowest & most-mountainous region.

A

Coquimbo

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61
Q

Location ___ to ___ is more determinate of climate than ___ to ___. (Chile)

A

E to W

N to S

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62
Q

Name the Sub-Zones of Rapel

A

Colchagua

Cachapoal

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63
Q

Name the official & unofficial sub-zones of San Antonio Valley

A

Leyda DO
Lo Abarca
Rosario

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64
Q

___ are the most common DOs on labels.

A

Sub-Regions

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65
Q

Name 3 famous Carmenère wines

A 
Casa Lapostolle (Lapostolle)
Purple Angel (Montes)
Carmin de Peumo (CyT)
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66
Q

Most vineyards in Limarí are located ___ of the Coastal Ranges.

A

West

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67
Q

Central Valley Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Zona Central

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68
Q

Ovalle Area DO is located where?

A

Limarí

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69
Q

Sub-Regions of Sur N to S

A

Itata Valley
Bio Bio Valley
Malleco Valley

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70
Q

Pirque Area DO is located where?

A

Alto Maipo

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71
Q

Austral Grapes

A

SB, CH, PN

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72
Q

What is the Humboldt Current?

A

Cold water current that cools the air passing over it; limits precipitation & creates inversion layer/traps cold air near the surface; moderates climate/lower temps along the coastline/affects vineyards WEST of the Coastal Ranges.

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73
Q

Who produces Purple Angel? What is it?

A

a) Montes

b) Varietal Carmenère

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74
Q

Bordeaux and Burgundy grapes brought to Chile in the mid-___.

A

Mid-1800’s

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75
Q

What famous Burgundy producer came to Maipo Valley in the 1990’s?

A

William Fèvre

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76
Q

Bio-Bio is modernizing ___ than Itata

A

Quicker

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77
Q

Grapes for Pisco production.

A

Moscatel/Moscatel Rosado
Moscatel de Austria (Torrentes Sanjuanino)
PX
Torontel

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78
Q 
Name the winery with their respective founders:
Lapostolle
Los Vascos
Almaviva
Seña
Errazuriz
Viña Aquitania
H. Araucano
A

a) Grand Marnier
b) Lafite-Rothschilde
c) CyT & Baron Philippe Rothschilde
d) Errazuriz & R. Mondavi
e) Eduardo Chadwick
f) Cos & Margaux
g) F. Lurton

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79
Q

Maipo Valley is located in the ___ Administrative Region.

A

Santiago

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80
Q

What vineyard is home to 100 y.o CS? Who owns it?

A

a) Manso de Velasco (Curico)

b) Miguel Torres

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81
Q

2 GFs of Puento Alto

A

Elevation

Gravel Soils

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82
Q

Minimum ABV for all Chilean wines

A

11.5%

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83
Q

2 Chilean Wines, ___ & ___, wine out against 2 Bordeaux Wines, ___ & ___, at the ___ Berlin Tasting.

A

a) Viñedo Chadwick
b) Seña
c) Lafite
d) Margaux
e) 2004

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84
Q

What was the effect of the 1939 Earthquake?

A

Carignan was planted in Maule

Consult & Moscatel planted in Itata

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85
Q

Muscat of Alexandria is called ___ in Chile.

A

Moscatel

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86
Q

Carrignan vines in Maule utilize what training method?

A

Cabeza (Head/Bush/Gobelet)

87
Q

Name the sub-zones of Curico.

A

Teno DO
Lontué DO
*Named after T & L Rivers

88
Q

Where is the producer Tabalí located?

A

Limarí Valley

89
Q

In Chile, you’re likely to find old vines of which grapes?

A

Carignan (Maule)
Cinsault (Itata)
Moscatel (Itata)

90
Q

3 Basic Climates for WG in Chile

A

Norte Chico: Hot & Arid
Zona Central: Mediterranean
Zona Sur: Maritime

91
Q

Grapes of Itata

A

Old Vine País, Cinsault & Moscatel

92
Q

Name the 2 largest wine companies in Chile.

A
  1. Concha y Toro

2. San Pedro

93
Q

Unlike the rest of Chile, the new plantings of SB in Curico are being planted in the ___ instead of the ___.

A

a) Andes

b) Costa

94
Q

Errázuriz top bottlings

A

Don Maximiniano: BDX

Kai: Carmenère

95
Q

What is “Chilean Merlot”?

A

Carmenère (misidentified as Merlot until 1994)

96
Q

Aconcagua is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Zona Central

97
Q

Elqui DO most important grape.

A

Syrah

98
Q

At 2,200m, this producer lays claim to the highest vineyards of Chile. What grape?

A

a) Viñedos de Alcohuaz

b) Syrah

99
Q

Name the regions of Chile from N to S.

A 
Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Sur
Austral
100
Q

Where would one find the Area DOs of Vichuquén, Sagrada Familia & Rauco?

A

Curico

101
Q

1st country in SA planted to vines by Spaniards.

A

Peru

102
Q

There are ___ Administrative Regions of Chile. ___ of them produce wine.

A

a) 15

b) 9

103
Q

___ River runs through Colchagua and is a tributary of the ___ River.

A

a) Tinguiririci River

b) Rapel River

104
Q

The two most important producers of Aconcagua Valley.

A

Errázuriz

Seña (R. Mondavi x Errazuriz)

105
Q

The ___ training system is used for ___ in Atacama.

A

a) Parron

b) Table Grapes

106
Q

Viñedo Chadwick is made from what grapes?

A

CS-based + Carmenère

107
Q

___ irrigation is traditional and ___ is modern.

A

a) Furrow

b) Drip

108
Q

The ___ forms Chile’s N. Border with Peru.

A

Atacama Desert

109
Q

Bio-Bio Grapes

A

PN, CH, SB

110
Q 
Place the winemaker with his respective winery:
Marcelo Papa
Francisco Baettig
Filipe Muller
Rodrigo Soto
A

a) Concha y Toro
b) Errazuriz
c) Tabalí
d) Veramonte

111
Q

The Area DOs of La Serena, Paiguano & Vicuña are located in ___.

A

Elqui Valley DO

112
Q

Grapes 2 Grapes of Maipo Valley

A

CS

Carmenère

113
Q

Viña Falernia produces ___ in ____.

A

a) “Alta Tierra” Syrah

b) Elqui Valley DO

114
Q

Grape of Medio Maipo

A

Carmenère

115
Q

1 Grape of Chile

A

CS

116
Q

Sur Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Zona Sur

117
Q

Top sites for Carmenère

A 
Peumo DO (Cachapoal)
Los Lingues (Colchagua)
Apart (Colchagua)
118
Q

Name the 5 Geographic Sectors of Chile. Which of them produce wine?

A 
Norte Grande
Norte Chico*
Zona Central*
Zona Sur*
Zona Austral

*produce wine

119
Q

The entire Casablanca Valley DO is categorized as what?

A

Costa

120
Q

Aconcagua Climate

A

Mediterranean

121
Q

In the ___’s, most of Peru’s vineyards are converted to ___ production

A

a) 1700’s

b) Pisco Production

122
Q

Chile’s 1st modern winery & oldest in operation.

A

V. Ochagavía

123
Q

What is the Parron training system similar to?

A

Pergola

124
Q

Has Chile ever been affected by Phylloxera?

A

Nope. Never. Never Will.

125
Q

VIGNO is a ___ of ___.

A

a) Trademarked Brand

b) Vignadores of Carignan

126
Q

Chilean wine law established ___ tiers of DO. What are they?

A

a) 4
b) Region, Sub-Region, Zone, Area*

*Progressively smaller categories of DOs with the same requirements.

127
Q

What was Sauvignon Blanc mistaken for?

A

Friulano/Sauvignon Vert

128
Q

Who produces “Close Apalta”? What is it?

A

a) Casa Lapostolle

b) Carmenère-based red

129
Q

In the 1540’s a Jesuit Friar plants ___ vines from ___.

A

a) País

b) Canary Islands

130
Q

3 Rockstar Producers in Puento Alto

A

Concha y Toro “Don Melchior” Vineyard
Almaviva
Viñedo Chadwick

131
Q

3 Major Cities of Chile

A

Valparaíso (Aconcagua)
Santiago (Central Valley)
Concepción (Sur)

132
Q

In what sub-zone would you find > 1/3 of Chile’s CS?

A

Colchagua

133
Q

Soil of Apalta

A

Granite

134
Q

Which 3 mega-producers account for 85% of Chile’s domestic consumption?

A 
Concha y Toro (Maipo)
San Pedro (Curico)
Santa Rita (Maipo)
135
Q

Chile’s oldest grape variety

A

País

136
Q

Coquimbo Region is located in what Geographic Sector?

A

Norte Chico

137
Q

La Serena Area DO is a ___ DO of ___ and produces ___.

A

a) Costa
b) Elqui Valley
c) SB

138
Q

Name the sub-regions of Aconcagua N to S.

A

Aconcagua Valley DO
Casablanca Valley DO
San Antonio Valley DO

139
Q

What is another name for the Cabeza training system? What is it used for? Where?

A

Head-Trained
Carignan
Maule V. DO

140
Q

___ is a cooked/partially-fermented beverage.

A

Chicha

141
Q

Soil of Puento Alto DO

A

Gravel

142
Q

In Chile, mountains ___ as one goes S.

A

Diminish

143
Q

The world’s southern-most vineyards are located in ___ along the ___. However the wines have not yet been released commercially.

A

a) Austral

b) 46th Parallel)

144
Q

País is called ___ in Argentina, ___ in CA & ___ in the Canary Islands

A

a) Criolla Chica
b) Mission
c) Listan Prieto

145
Q

Cachapoal Valley is located ___ of Colchagua and therefore has a ___ climate.

A

a) East

b) Warmer

146
Q

Which mountain range in Chile creates a RFE for the vineyards?

A

Coastal Mountains

147
Q

Coquimbo is located in the ___ Geographic Sector.

A

Norte Chico

148
Q

___ is a cheap blend for local consumption made from ___ grape and often ___ in style.

A

a) Pipeño
b) País
c) Frizzante

149
Q

The ___ affects vineyards ___ of the Coastal Range, providing a cooling effect.

A

a) Humboldt Current

b) West

150
Q

Why would a producer choose to de-leaf in Chile? What are the effects?

A

To get rid of pyrazines in Carmenère through increased ripeness; burns acidity/aromas & adds bitterness

151
Q

What is Los Lingues

A

Unofficial sub-zone of Colchagua located within the San Fernando Area DO.

152
Q

To put VIGNO on a label, the vines must be ___ years old, contain ___% Carignan, age for a minimum ___ and must be ___.

A

a) 30 y.o.
b) 65%
c) 2 years
d) dry-farmed

153
Q

Itata is located in the ___ Administrative Region.

A

Bio-Bio

154
Q

Who is Pinochet?

A

Dictator who reforms and liberalizes the free market.

155
Q

Clos des Fous is a wine produced from ___ by ___ in ___.

A

a) CS
b) Pedro Parra
c) Alto Cachapoal

156
Q

Name one of the few regions in Chile with Calcareous Soils.

A

Limarí

157
Q

Name the coolest DO of Aconcagua

A

San Antonio Valley DO (cooler than Casablanca!)

158
Q

“Kai” is produced from ___ by ___.

A

a) Carmenère

b) Errázuriz

159
Q

3 major soil types of Chile Costa/EC/Andes

A

Costa: Granite (+ schist/slate)
EC: Clay & Loam (volcanic origin); alluvial gravels
Andes: Volcanic w/ LS

160
Q

Where is the giant producer San Pedro located?

A

Curico

161
Q

Maipo Valley has no ___.

A

Costa Areas

162
Q

Santa Rita, Neyen and Koyle are producers found in what sub-region?

A

Colchagua

163
Q

Maipo Valley is split up into 3 Geographic Features. What are they and what grapes are associated with them?

A

Alto Maipo (E): CS/BDX
Medio Maipo: Carmenère
Maipo Costa/Baja

164
Q

Most vines in Colchagua are located on the ___ in the ___.

A

a) Valley Floor

b) EC

165
Q

Who is responsible for introducing Temperature Control, S.S., New Barriques, P.P., VSP Trellising & general winery hygiene to Chile?

A

Miguel Torres

166
Q

___ is the E-most area of Cachapoal known for wines from ___ & ___.

A

a) Alta Cachapoal

b) CS & Syrah

167
Q

What is Apalta?

A

Unofficial sub-zone of Colchagua located within the Santa Cruz Area DO.

168
Q

There is no ___ in Elqui Valley DO.

A

Entre-Cordilleras

169
Q

Training System found in Itata

A

Dry-Farmed Bush Vines

*Think old-school viticulture!

170
Q

1 grape of Itata

A

País (Old Vine)

171
Q

T or F: Casablanca is located along the Casablanca R.

A

FALSE: there is no Casablanca River

172
Q

Rivers of Itata

A

Itata & Ñuble Rivers

173
Q

___ is responsible for planting French vine cuttings around Santiago.

A

Claudio Gay

174
Q

Name the top 4 R grapes & the top 2 W grapes

A

R: CS, Merlot, Carmenère, Syrah
W: CH, SB

175
Q

Who produces “Ocio” PN? Where?

A

a) Cono Sur

b) Casablanca Valley

176
Q

The Camanchaca Fog affects what region of Chile?

A

Limarí DO

177
Q

What is the greatest threat to viticulture in Malleco?

A

Civil Unrest

178
Q

Cachapoal Valley Top Grape

A

Carmenère

179
Q

Atacama is ___ on the Winkler Scale

A

Region III

180
Q

What is another name for secano?

A

Dry-Farmed/No Irrigation

181
Q

Label terms permitted for DO wines

A 
Reserve
Gran Reserva
Selección
Reserva Especial
Reserva Privada
Gran Vino
Superior
182
Q

There is a loophole in the requirements for VIGNO. What is it?

A

Grafted Carignan qualifies, therefore you can have a young Carignan vine grafted onto an old País RS.

183
Q

Why is viticulture at risk in Atacama and Coquimbo?

A

Drought; Irrigation is necessary

184
Q

What is Bernardo O’Higgins famous for?

A

Leads Chile to independence in 1818.

185
Q

Carmenère ripens ___ than Merlot.

A

Later

186
Q

Who produces Casa Real? What is it?

A

Santa Rita

BDX-blend from Maipo

187
Q

Coquimbo’s least important DO.

A

Choapa Valley DO

188
Q

Seña is a collaboration between ___ & ___.

A

Robert Mondavi & Errázuriz

189
Q

___ is the winemaker at Concha y Toro.

A

Marcelo Papa

190
Q

The ___ is a major GF of Limarí DO that rolls in via the Limarí River providing a moderating/cooling effect.

A

Camanchaca Fog

191
Q

Maule Subzones

A

Claro Valley
Loncomilla
Tutuvén

192
Q

T or F: you are unlikely to see “Curico” on a bottle of wine

A

False: many producers opt to leave out the sub-region of Curico

193
Q

In what region are the Nahuelbuta Mountains a GF?

A

Bio-Bio (Sur): Part of the Coastal Ranges; Blocks Maritime Influence

194
Q

Name the Sub-regions of Coquimbo N to S.

A

Elqui V. DO
Limarí V. DO
Choapa V. DO

195
Q

Why do growers use rootstocks in Casablanca?

A

Sandy Soils are a magnet for Nematodes.

196
Q

Pisco Sour in Peru vs. Chile.

A

Peru: Pisco, Lemon Juice, SS, Egg White
Chile: NO EGG

197
Q

Top Area DO of Maipo Valley

A

Puento Alto DO

198
Q

Peumo Area DO is synonymous with what grape?

A

Carmenère

199
Q

Chile is the ___-largest producer of wine.

A

2nd (after Chile)

200
Q 
Name the wine to the producer:
Alta Tierra
Don Melchior
Don Maximiniano
Casa Real
Sol de Sol
Clos des Fous
Carmin de Peumo
Herencia
A

a) Viña Falernia
b) Concha y Torro
c) Errazuriz
d) Santa Rita
e) Viña Aquitania
f) Pedro Parra
g) Concha y Torro
h) Santa Carolina

201
Q

Leyda DO is synonymous with which grape?

A

SB

202
Q

What white grapes might you find in Elqui Valley?

A

SB (Costa)

PX (Andes); as a dry WW

203
Q

What is the significance of River Valleys in Chile?

A

They bring cold breezes & fog creating a maritime influence.

204
Q

T or F: Blending is permitted between Colchagua and Cachapoal for standard Rapel Valley Wines

A

True

205
Q

1645 Spain puts a ___ on New World Colonies due to fear of decrease in demand for wines from the Iberian Peninsula.

A

Planting Ban

206
Q

___% of Chile’s plantings are ___.

A

a) 75%

b) Red

207
Q

T or F: Under Chilean wine law, sweetness levels are in line with EU.

A

True

Seco: max. 4 g/l RS (9 g/l)*
Semi-Seco: 4-12 g/l RS (18 g/l)*
Semi-Dulce: 12-45 g/l RS
Dulce: > 45 g/l RS

*Total Acidity is within 2 g/l total RS

208
Q

The Humboldt Current flows ___

A

North

209
Q

Aconcagua’s most premier zone

A

Casablanca

210
Q

___ sets up repository of pre-phylloxera VV vines in the ___’s

A

a) Claudio Gay

b) 1800’s

211
Q

___ is the only major wine region in the world to remain completely phylloxera-free.

A

Chile

212
Q

Errazuriz is located in the Area DO of ___ in the ___ Valley DO.

A

a) Panquehue

b) Aconcagua Valley DO

213
Q

Name the requirements for Reserva, Reserva Especial, Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva

A

Reserva: min. 12% abv
Reserva Especial: min 12% abv + oak aging

Reserva Privada: 12.5% abv
Gran Reserva: 12.5% abv + oak aging

214
Q

Where is Chimbarongo Area DO?

A

Colchagua

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