Children's Phonological Development Flashcards
What characterizes a plosive consonant sound?
A plosive involves a complete closure in the vocal tract, blocking airflow, followed by a sudden release, creating an explosive sound.
Can you provide three examples of plosive consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /p/ as in ‘pat,’ /t/ as in ‘tap,’ and /k/ as in ‘cat.’
What defines a fricative consonant sound?
A fricative is produced by narrowing the vocal tract, causing turbulent airflow and creating a continuous hissing or buzzing sound.
Can you provide three examples of fricative consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /f/ as in ‘fan,’ /s/ as in ‘sip,’ and /ʃ/ as in ‘ship.’
How does the production of affricate consonants differ from plosives and fricatives?
Affricates begin with a complete closure like plosives but release into a fricative, combining both manners of articulation.
Can you provide two examples of affricate consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /tʃ/ as in ‘chop’ and /dʒ/ as in ‘judge.’
What distinguishes nasal consonant sounds from other consonants?
Nasal consonants are produced by lowering the velum, allowing air to pass through the nasal cavity while the oral cavity is closed.
Can you provide two examples of nasal consonant sounds in English?
Examples include /m/ as in ‘man’ and /n/ as in ‘nose.’
What is the primary difference between voiced and voiceless consonant sounds?
Voiced consonants involve vibration of the vocal cords during production, while voiceless consonants do not.
Can you provide a pair of voiced and voiceless fricative consonants in English?
The voiceless /f/ as in ‘fine’ and the voiced /v/ as in ‘vine.’
What is a phoneme?
The smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish words from one another.
How are phonemes broadly categorized in English?
Into consonants and vowels.
What distinguishes a consonant phoneme from a vowel phoneme?
Consonant phonemes involve some degree of airflow obstruction in the vocal tract, while vowel phonemes are produced with an open vocal tract, allowing unobstructed airflow.
Define ‘place of articulation’ in relation to consonant phonemes.
The location in the mouth where airflow is constricted during the production of a consonant sound, such as the lips, teeth, or alveolar ridge.
What is ‘manner of articulation’ concerning consonant sounds?
The way in which airflow is obstructed or modified during the production of a consonant, such as through complete closure (plosives) or partial closure (fricatives).
Define ‘diphthongs’.
Complex vowel sounds that begin with one vowel quality and glide into another within the same syllable, such as the sound in ‘coin.’
What is the difference between voiced and voiceless consonant phonemes?
Voiced consonants involve vibration of the vocal cords during production (e.g., /b/), while voiceless consonants do not (e.g., /p/).
How many phonemes are there in the English language?
There are 44 phonemes in English, comprising both consonant and vowel sounds.
What role do phonemes play in distinguishing meaning between words?
Changing a single phoneme in a word can alter its meaning, as in the difference between ‘bat’ and ‘pat,’ where the initial phonemes /b/ and /p/ distinguish the two words.
Define the babbling stage in children’s phonological development.
A stage where infants produce repetitive consonant-vowel combinations, such as ‘bababa’ or ‘dadada,’ typically occurring around 6 to 9 months.
What is reduplicated babbling?
Repetition of the same syllable, like ‘mamama.’
What is variegated babbling?
Babbling that combines different syllables, such as ‘bamada.’
At what age do children typically start producing their first words?
Around 12 months.
What is phonemic expansion?
The stage where infants increase the variety of sounds they produce during babbling.
