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Y3 FOPC T > Children's Health and Health Promotion > Flashcards

Children's Health and Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

What is health affected by?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Access
  3. Environment
  4. Life-style
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2
Q

What are the theories of health promotion?

A
  1. educational
  2. socioeconomic
  3. psychological
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3
Q

Define Health promotion

A

Any planned activity designed to enhance or prevent disease

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4
Q

Define Health Education

A

Communication aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours

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5
Q

Define Health protection

A

activities directed at factors which are beyond the control of the individual. Health protection activities tend to be regulations or policies

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6
Q

Define empowerment

A

power in those individuals and groups which previously considered themselves to be unable to control situation nor act on basis of their choices

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7
Q

What are the benefits of empowerment

A
  1. Ability to resist social pressure
  2. Ability to utilise effective coping strategies when faced by an unhealthy environment
  3. Heightened consciousness of action
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8
Q

Examples of PLANNED health promotion in primary care

A

posters
chronic disease clinics
vaccinations

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9
Q

Examples of OPPORTUNISTIC health promotion in primary care

A

advice within surgery
smoking, diet
taking BP

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10
Q

Examples of LEGISLATED health promotion in the government

A 
legal age limits 
smoking ban 
health and safety
clean air act 
highway code
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11
Q

What are the types of health promotion provided in primary care?

A

Planned

Opportunistic

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12
Q

What are the types of health promotion provided in the government

A

legislation
economic
education

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13
Q

Examples of ECONOMICAL health promotion within the government

A

tax on cigarettes and alcohol and sugar

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14
Q

Examples of EDUCATIONAL health promotion within the government

A

ask students to recall adverts they’ve seen

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15
Q

What does it mean by primary prevention measures in healthcare?

A

measures taken to prevent onset of illness or injury, reduces probability and severity

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16
Q

Give some examples of primary prevention measures

A

smoking cessation

immunisation

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17
Q

What does it mean by secondary prevention measures in healthcare?

A

detection of a disease at preclinical stage to prevent further or lessen symptomatology

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18
Q

Give an example if a secondary prevention measure

A

screening

19
Q

What criteria is used for screening?

A

Wilsons criteria

20
Q

What are the areas involved in the Wilsons criteria for screening?

and what should they be?

A
  1. Illness/Disease: should be IMPORTANT, natural history understood, pre-symptomatic range
  2. Test: Should be easy, acceptable, cost effective, sensitive and specific
    Treatment: should be, acceptable, cost effective and better if early
21
Q

What does it mean by TERTIARY prevention?

A

Measures to limit distress or disability caused by disease e.g. OA –> OT, physio etc

22
Q

What early effects can impact on lifelong health?

A
  1. establishing a healthy lifestyle as growth and development fuelled by food
  2. Role of parenting has an impact on habits and lifestyle established in adolescence
23
Q

What are the most common conditions GPs see in children? (10)

A
  1. Feeding difficulties (new babies especially
  2. coughs/colds
  3. Sore throat
  4. URTI
  5. Otalgia
  6. Pyrexia
  7. Rashes
  8. Vomiting +/- diarrhoea
  9. Abdo apin
  10. Behavioural problems /older children)
24
Q

How should a doctor act in a child-adult consultation (7)

A
  1. Listening
  2. Watching
  3. Observing
  4. Examining properly
  5. putting child at ease as well as parent//guardian
  6. Parental understanding
  7. Explain in a clear language
25
Q

Why might a parent bring a healthy child into GP with child not being clinically unwell? (9)

A
  1. Someone else urging them to act
  2. Anxiety regarding normal illness
  3. Inexperience
  4. Single parent with no support
  5. Parenting difficulty manifesting as child illness
  6. Parent depression/ anxiety
  7. Social issues
  8. Child presenting them with difficult symptoms to interpret
  9. Child abuse by partner
26
Q

What measures can a GP take to be sure what is happening with a child? (10)

A
  1. Listen and observe
  2. Read the notes of child and parent/s
  3. Examine properly
  4. Explain clearly what you are thinking/ doing
  5. Discuss with other helath professionals
  6. Review
  7. ‘open door’ policy
  8. reassure appropriately
  9. investigate properly
  10. refer appropriately
27
Q

How might a GP manage an overly anxious parent/ guardian? (10)

A
  1. Listening
  2. Examining
  3. ICE
  4. Building a rapport
  5. Explaining properly along the way (what you are thinking and doing)
  6. Consensus
  7. Allowing parents/ guardians to ask questions
  8. Offering second opinion
  9. No dogma
  10. Facilitating a return visit
28
Q

What are the health aspects to consider in an adolescent? (5)

A
  1. Diet
  2. Exercise
  3. Sleep
  4. Screen time
  5. Social issues; school, friends, drugs and alcohol, sex
29
Q

Give some examples of types of screening

A
  • CF
  • Bowel cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Cervical cancer
  • Antenatal screening
  • Hearing screening in infants
  • Abdominal aortic aneurysm in men over 65
  • Diabetic retinopathy
30
Q

Give some examples of antenatal and Newborn tests

A
  1. Foetal anomaly USS
    - Down’s
    - Infectious disease in pregnancy
  2. CF (heel prick test)
  3. Sickle cell test
31
Q

Give some examples of ways in which health education can be implemented

A
  • Statistical posters and leaflets informing about illness
32
Q

Give some examples of Health promotion

A
  • Advertisement about benefits of a healthy lifestyle

- Pictures of persuasion e.g. smoking kills pictures

33
Q

Give some examples of Health protection can be implemented

A
  • SNP council house motion
  • Laws around smoking packages
  • Food labelling
  • Health and safety
  • Alcohol taxing
  • Sick notes
  • Power of attorney
34
Q

What are the roles of a Health visitor

A
  1. Look at healthy diet
  2. Promotes immunisation programme
  3. Maternal mental health
  4. Assessing safe home environment
  5. Promotes activity in children
  6. Overall health promotion in children and mothers
35
Q

What ages does the health visitor visit

A

0-5

36
Q

What is meant by primary prevention?

A

measures taken to prevent onset of illness and injury and reduces probability and severity of an illness (before onset of symptoms etc)

37
Q

What is meant by secondary prevention?

A

detection of disease at early enough (preclinical) stage in order to cure, prevent or less symptomatology e.g. screening

38
Q

What is meant by tertiary prevention?

A

measures to limit distress and disability; patient too far along in disease which cannot be prevented or stopped ultimately

39
Q

What are the three theories in health promotion?

A

Educational
Socioeconomic
Psychological

40
Q

Theories in health promotion: education

A

provides knowledge and education to enable necessary skills to rate informed choices about health
e.g. one-to-one group workshops for smoking, diet, diabetes.
It’s an activity involving communication with individuals/ groups aimed at changing knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and behaviour

41
Q

Theories in health promotion: socioeconomic

A

aims to make healthy choices the easier choice, e.g. national policies (re. unemployment

42
Q

Theories in health promotion: psychological

A

complex relationship between behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs.
Activities start from an individual attitude to health and readiness to change;

43
Q

Describe the cycle of change model. Use smoking as an example

A
  • Precontemplation (smokes regularly)
  • Contemplation (considers giving up smoking)
  • Ready for action (definitive plan)
  • ACTION (actively not smoking)
  • Maintenance (non-smoker) which can split into:
    • Regression (starts smoking again)
    OR
    • Maintaining healthier lifestyle

Y3 FOPC T (8 decks)

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