Children in the Emergent Stage of Language Development

Question 1

lack of communicative intent

Answer 1

• lack of engagement
• lack of social motivation
• lack of joint attention

Question 2

lack of consistent means of making wants and needs known

Answer 2

• limited or no use of gestures
• lack of basic vocalizations or approximations

Question 3

communicative intent progression

Answer 3

nonverbal to verbal

Question 4

gestural

Answer 4

8-12 months

Question 5

gestures combined with word approximations

Answer 5

12-18 months

Question 6

words and word combinations

Answer 6

18-24 months

Question 7

criteria for a communicative act

Answer 7

• social orienting
• social seeking
• social maintaining

Question 8

social orienting

Answer 8

direct towards the adult (eye gaze, physical proximity)

Question 9

social seeking

Answer 9

• obviously trying to get the message across (eye contact, pointing)
• influencing adult’s behavior, focus of attention, or state of knowledge

Question 10

social maintaining

Answer 10

persistent in the attempt

Question 11

3 aspects of communication

Answer 11

1. range of communicative
2. frequency of expression of intentions
3. diversity of communication forms

Question 12

range of communicative functions

Answer 12

• proto declaratives
• proto imperatives

Question 13

selecting targets for first words

Answer 13

• use child’s phonetic inventory and established syllable shapes as a guide
• use typically development as a guide
• use what’s functional for that particular child as a guide

Question 14

typically development as a guide

Answer 14

words that are similar to those used first by typically developing children

Question 15

use what’s functional for that particular child as a guide

Answer 15

words that fulfill a broad range of communicative purposes

Question 16

first lexicon: rejection, nonexistence, disappearance

Answer 16

no, all gone, away

Question 17

first lexicon: cessation/prohibition

Answer 17

no, stop, all done

Question 18

first lexicon: recurrence

Answer 18

more, again

Question 19

first lexicon: existence

Answer 19

this, that, there, where

Question 20

first lexicon: action on objects

Answer 20

get, do, make, throw, eat, find, fix, wash, help

Question 21

first lexicon: locative action

Answer 21

put, take, up, down, out, fit, sit, fall, go, dump, turn, in, on, here, out, off

Question 22

first lexicon: attribution

Answer 22

big, hot, pretty, dirty, some

Question 23

first lexicon: naming

Answer 23

I, it, you

Question 24

first lexicon: possession, commenting

Answer 24

my, mine, want

Question 25

first lexicon: social interaction

Answer 25

hi, bye-bye, night-night, yes