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Psych Exam 2 > Children and Adolescence Disorders > Flashcards

Children and Adolescence Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Pediatric Mental Status Exam

A
  • appearance
  • parent-child interaction
  • orientation
  • speech and language
  • mood and affect
  • thought processes and content
  • social relatedness
  • motor activity
  • cognition
  • judgement
  • insight
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2
Q

Cognition

A
  • intellect
  • problem-solving skills
  • attention
  • memory
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3
Q

Assess Development and Functioning

A
  • types of play
  • social skills
  • problem solving skills
  • academic achievement
  • energy level and motivation
  • traumas, hospitalizations, injuries affecting CNS
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4
Q

Assess Concerning Behaviors

A
  • behaviors/changes occur across a variety of settings
  • changes in sleep or appetite
  • social withdrawal
  • regression
  • frequently appears upset, sad, or tearful
  • self destructive behavior
  • repeated thoughts of death
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5
Q

General Collaborative Interventions

A
  • play therapy**
  • family therapy
  • school based interventions/educational plan
  • family education (meds, milieu)
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6
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A
  • attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

- autism

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7
Q

Disruptive, Impulse control and conduct disorders

A
  • oppositional defiant disorder

- conduct disorder

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8
Q

Trauma and stressor-related disorders

A

PTSD

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9
Q

ADHD Myths

A
  • all are hyperactive
  • can never pay attention
  • could behave better if wanted to
  • grow out of it
  • meds is best tx
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10
Q

ADHD presents in toddlers as…

A

excessive motor activity

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11
Q

ADHD most identified in…

A

elementary school

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12
Q

ADHD most prevalent…

A

in boys

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13
Q

ADHD Sx’s

A
  • characterized into 3 groups
  • present before age 12
  • last more than 6 months, interfere with fxing and development
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14
Q

3 groups of ADHD Sx’s

A
  1. hyperactivity
  2. impulsive behavior
  3. lack of attention
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15
Q

ADHD Patho and Etiology

A
  • unclear
  • neurotransmitter deficits
  • delay in brain maturation
  • genetic factors
  • biologic factors
  • environmental risk factors
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16
Q

ADHD Non-Pharm Tx

A
  • Environmental modification

- behavioral Therapy

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17
Q

Environmental modification

A
  • decreasing stimulation
  • calm environment
  • classroom adjustments
  • structured daily routine
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18
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A
  • rewards for desired behaviors
  • consequences for problem behaviors
  • point system
  • established cues
  • involve parents and teachers
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19
Q

ADHD Pharm Therapy: Stimulants

A

-increase dopamine and norepinephrine

  • Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
  • Amphetamine-dextro (Adderall)
  • Dexmethyl (Focalin)
  • oral and patch formulations
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20
Q

Side Effects of oral and patch stimulants

A
  • HA
  • anorexia
  • insomnia
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21
Q

ADHD Pharm Therapy: Non-Stimulants

A
  • Atomoxetine (SNRI)
  • buproprion (antidepressant)
  • Clonidine (adrenergic agent)
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22
Q

Clonidine Side Effect

A
  • agressiveness
  • impulsivity
  • hyperactivity
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23
Q

ADHD Nursing Interventions

A
  • admin meds
  • minimize environmental distractions
  • implement behavioral management plans
  • provide education
  • promote self-esteem
  • provide emotional support
24
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder prevalence across cultures

A

equal

25
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder more common among…

A

boys (5x more common)

26
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder typically recognized in…

A

2nd year of life

27
Q

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder range from…

A

mild to severe

28
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder sx’s

A

impaired:

  • communication
  • social interaction patterns
  • adapting to new situations
  • attention span
  • ability to organize responses to situations

-repetitive, restrictive, sterotyped behaviors

29
Q

Autism Patho and Etiology

A
  • unknown
  • genetic
  • immunologic factors
  • environmental factors
30
Q

Autism Non-Pharm therapy

A
  • early intervention
  • behavior management
  • play therapy
  • speech and language therapy
  • PT and OT
  • Gluten-free
  • Vitamins
  • Antacids
  • Detox
31
Q

Autism Pharm therapy

A
  • no meds indicated for autism

- stimulants, SSRIs, mood stabilizers manage associated symptoms

32
Q

Autism Nursing Interventions

A
  • prevent injury
  • provide anticipatory guidance
  • stabilize environmental stimuli
  • provide supportive care
  • enhance communication
  • facilitate community-based care
33
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A
  • disobedient, hostile, defiant behavior
  • 1-6 percent of children
  • typically appears in late preschool/early school-age
  • most prevalent in males than females before puberty (equal after puberty)
  • 1/4 do not continue to meet diagnostic criteria over next several years
34
Q

ODD Sx’s

A
  • angry, irritable mood
  • argumentative/defiant behavior
  • vindictiveness
  • typically interferes with: interpersonal relationships, school performance
35
Q

ODD Risk Factors

A
  • genetic
  • biological
  • psychological
  • social/environmental
36
Q

ODD Tx

A
  • parent management therapy (PMT)
  • family therapy
  • cognitive problem-solving skills training
  • social skills programs
  • medications for coexisting conditions
37
Q

ODD Nursing Interventions

A

Behavioral Management:

  • consistent rules
  • address unacceptable behavior
  • reinforce positive behavior
  • consequences for negative behavior
38
Q

Conduct Disorder

A
  • behaviors that violates rules and/or rights of others
  • often follows ODD but not always
  • rare onset after 18 years
  • sx’s often present before 10 years
39
Q

Conduct Disorder Sx’s

A
  • aggression to people and animals
  • destruction to property
  • deceitfulness, lying, or stealing
  • serious rule violations
40
Q

Conduct Disorder Tx

A
  • Family therapy
  • Behavioral management
  • specialized residential tx
  • meds for comorbidities and sx’s
41
Q

PTSD Sx’s

A
  • memories
  • recurrent dreams
  • disassociative rxns including flashbacks
  • intense psychological distress when reminded
  • play that includes elements of event
  • behaviors not developmentally expected
  • avoidance of reminders
  • negative alterations in cognition and mood
42
Q

PTSD

A

direct experience or witnessing

43
Q

Stage One of Tx for trauma

A
  • provide safety and stabilization

- creating a safe and predictable environment

44
Q

Stage Two of Tx for trauma

A
  • reduce arousal
  • find comfort from others
  • overcome avoidance and work with memories
  • help patient learn strategies
45
Q

Stage Three of tx for trauma

A

developmental skills

  • problem solving
  • goal development
46
Q

PTSD Collaborative Interventions

A
  • trauma-focused cognitive behavorial therapy
  • psychological first aid
  • relaxation techniques
  • meds for sx’s
47
Q

PTSD Nursing Interventions

A
  • promote safety and nurturing
  • address false beliefs immediately
  • provide basic needs consistently
  • reassure rxns are normal
  • do not pressure to talk about feelings
  • play may help
  • therapeutic relationship and communication
  • identify strengths/resilience factors
48
Q

Early-Onset Disorders

A
  • depression
  • bipolar disorder
  • anxiety disorder
  • schizophrenia
49
Q

Depression in toddlers

A

-can show regression behaviors

50
Q

Depression in preschoolers

A
  • destructive play

- whine, show irritability, and lack of confidence

51
Q

Depression in School-agres

A
  • academic struggles
  • somatic complaints
  • loss of friends
  • signs of boredom
  • low self esteem
52
Q

Depression in adolescents

A
  • talk of running away
  • academic struggles
  • lack of involvement in activities
  • poor self-care
  • difficulties with parents and teachers
  • focus on violence
53
Q

Suicide

A
  • 3rd leading cause of death
  • age group most frequent
  • completed suicide rare younger than 12
54
Q

Child/Adolescent Mania Sx’s

A
  • overly silly or joyful
  • sleeping little without feeling tired
  • talking a lot
  • extremely short temper
  • unusual irritability
  • engagement in high-risk behaviors
  • may also have typical adult sx’s
55
Q

Child/Adolescent Anxiety

A
  • generalized anxiety disorder sx’s same as adults

- intense worry over a long period of time

56
Q

Separation anxiety

A
  • developmentally inappropriate
  • excessive anxiety about separation
  • recurrent distress when separated
  • impairs functioning
  • onset prior to 18 years
57
Q

Child/Adolescent Schizophrenia

A

-unusual behavior: shyness, hesitant, withdrawal, cognitive dysfx

  • experience more hallucinations than delusions
  • childish theme of hallucinations may be noted
  • increased likelihood of experiencing developmental delay, hospitalization, more severe sx’s, fx problems

Psych Exam 2 (3 decks)

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