childhood resp diseases Flashcards
what is respiratory distress syndrome?
an insufficient amount of pulmonary surfactant which results in decreased compliance and difficulty opening alveoli (atelectasis)
what is pulmonary surfactant?
a mixture of phospholipids and apoproteins
how do we stimulate pulmonary surfactant production?
steroids
RDS occurs most commonly in late-term babies. T/F
False. Pre-term babies
what is a pneumothorax?
air in the pleural space
what increases the risk of a pneumothorax (particularly in babies)?
IPPV, CPAP, ventillation and RDS
chronic lung disease may follow RDS. T/F
True
what is the diagnostic criteria for chronic lung disease in babies?
oxygen required 36 weeks post corrected gestation AND evidence of parenchymal lung disease on CXR
why does chronic lung disease occur in children?
barotrauma, volume trauma, high inspired oxygen
what is dextrocardia?
congenital condition in which the apex of the heart is on the right side of the body
what is a diaphragmatic hernia associated with in newborns? where is it most commonly found?
pulmonary hypoplasia. posterolaterally
how might cystic fibrosis present?
failure to hit growth mile stones, chronic cough, loose stools, steatorrhoea,
cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. T/F
true
how might bronchiolitis present?
irritating cough, tachypnoea, poor feeding, apnoea (small babies)
how is bronchiolitis treated?
supportive
