Childhood infectious diseases Flashcards
Rubella (german measles ; 3-day measles)
- RNA virus
- airborne particles and droplets
Rubella CM
- pinkish rose rash -start on face/ neck
- spreads to rest of body 1- 3 days
- pruritis - petechiae may appear on soft palate
- lymphadenopathy
- URI ss common
- low grade fever
- comp: arthritis, arthralgia, thrombocytopenia,
Rubella management
- supportive + symptomatic
- child kept out of school/ child care for 7 days after rash appearance
- prevention: MMR vaccine
Rubeola (measles)
- RNA virus
- direct contact with infectious droplets
Rubeola (measles) CM
- resp ss 10 days after exposure
- slow rising fever with …
- 3 CCs : coryza, cough and conjuctivitus
- koplik spots on buccal mucosa
- deep red rash starts on face and neck spreasing downward to the feet lasting 6-7 days
- Comp: 2* resp ss, myocarditis, pericard, pneumonia (LT)
Rubeola (measles)
- symptomatic
- quiet activities
- bed rest
- antitussives
- encourage fluids
- humidification of air
- Vit A supplement
Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
- Parvovirus B19
- Airborne particles, respiratory droplets, blood, blood products, transplacental
Fifth disease CM
- common ages 5-15 possible in adults
- intense, fiery red rash on cheeks = “slapped check”
- rash progresses to trunk + extremities
- fades with central clearing area creating a lacy appearance
- rash lasts 2-39 days - may return
- Comp: intrauterine infection or Fetal death
Fifth disease management
- usual benign and self-limiting
- treat symptoms
Roseola infantum
- Human herpesvirus 6 or others
- contact with secretions of asymptomatic close contacts
Roseola infantum CM
- 6-18 mos.
- sudden high fever (103-106 degrees)
- malaise, irritability
- mild resp ss
- when fever subsides after 3-5 days , maculopapular rash appears that blanches with pressure
- rash mostly on neck, trunk
Roseola infantum management
fever control
Varicella -zoster
direct contact, droplet, airborne particles
Varicella -zoster CM
- 24-48 hr before lesions appear
- slight fever, malaise, HA, anorexia
- rash on trunk and scalp
- lesions (vesicles) ; become pustular, then dry & develop crust
- lesions appear in crops over 3-4 days
- can appear on mucous membranes in mouth, genitals, and rectum
Varicella -zoster management
- frequent bathing in oatmeal bath
- anithistamines
- acetaminophen to control fever
Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis)
EBV
- saliva, intimate contact, blood
Epstein-Barr virus CM
- fever, exudative pharyngitis
- lymphadenopathy
- hepatosplenomegaly
- severity can range from mild- severe and fatal
- acute illness lasts 2-3 wks - then recover
- EBV can be dormant until immunocompromised
Epstein-Barr virus management
- supportive
- symptomatic
- steroids for inflammation
- limited activity while spleen enlarged
Pertussis
- Bordetella pertussis
- direct contact or respiratory droplets from coughing
Pertussis CM
-catarrhal (1-2wks)
- mild URI SS
paroxysmal (2-6 wks)
- increased severity of cough, repetitive series on single inspiration followed by massive inspiration + whoop
- convalescent (1-2 wks): cough may persist for months
Pertussis management
- immunization pref
- admin erythromcyin, azithromycin or clarithromycin in catarrhal
- given to all close contacts
Scarlet fever
- Group A beta-hemolytic strep
- airborne (inhalation or ingestion); direct contact
Scarlet fever CM
- abrupt fever
- vomiting
- HA, abdominal pain
- pharyngitis, chills, fever peaks on second day
- normal in 5-6 days
- fine, red , popular rash appears after 24 hrs
- sand paper
- spreads throughout whole body
- desquamation
- tonsils edematous and covered with gray-white exudate
Scarlet fever management
- rapid strep screen
- throat culture
- penicillin
- if all/ erythromycin
- child considered infectious until 24 hrs of antibiotics given
