Childhood Illness Flashcards
Rash/Headache - Strep throat
Underarm, elbow and groin skin creases - brighter red than the rest of the rash
Rash/Headache - Strep throat - Scarlatina Rash - fades
Generally in about 7 to 14 days
As it fades, skin might peel around finger tips, toes, and groin areas
Can last up to several weeks
Rash/Headache - Strep throat - Scarlatina rash -
Not all with strep will present with the rash
Rash/Headache - Strep throat - differential diagnosis
Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Viral infection Bacterial infection Stomatitis Peritonsilar abcess
Rash/Headache - Strep throat - to know if cause is viral or bacterial
Swab throat
Rapid strep screen
Rash/Headache - Strep throat - tx
Antibiotics
Penicillin or cephalosporin
Croup - s/s
harsh barking cough
Inspiratory stridor
Hoarseness
Croup - usually worse when
At night for several hours then resolves
Can reoccur over several nights
Croup - who gets it
Male more than Female
Usually under age of 6
Croup - tx
Could do nothing - advise to breath in warm moist air (shower) and cool night air
Corticosteroid (dexa)
Or corticosteroid orally for three days - tastes bad
Conjunctivitis - s/s
mattery eyes
pupulent yellow/green discharge
Persistent pikeye can be a sign of an underlying illness
Rheumatic diseases
Also seen in Kawasaki
Inflammatory bowel diseases too
Types of conjunctivitis
Can be bacterial, viral, or allergic (will see the white stringy eosinophils with allergic)
Conjunctivitis - Bacterial tx
Topical antibiotic ointment or drops
Highly contagious
Warm moist compress, symptomatic care
Fever with itchy rash - Chicken pox s/s
Teardrop vesicular lesions scattered over entire body
Chicken pox - tx
symptomatic care
Watch for secondary infection
Could do antiviral within first 48 hours
Incubation 10-21 days after contact
Chicken pox - contagious
Most contagious 2 days before the rash!
Contagious until all lesions have scabbed over - usually 7-10 days after last crop of lesions present
Chicken pox - risk of severe complications like
Bacterial skin infections
Pneumonia
KEY - vaccination
Not eating much, cold-runny nose - ear TM does not look good - otitis media
Common for them to have had a runny nose recently
Pain first few days and then just can’t hear
Otitis media - tx
Don;t typically have to treat but under 2 years - good to give antibiotic for tx
Amoxicillin
Ibuprofen as needed every 6-8 hrs for pain or acetaminophen
Clear runny nose, worsening cough, vomit from time to time, wheezing - nasal congestion, lots of secretions with breath sounds - diffuse ronchi
Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis - most probable cause
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Bronchiolitis - tx
Symptomatic care
Bronchodilator - albuterol, nebulizer
Corticosteroids
Good hand washing
11 yr old male coughing past 2 weeks - cough so hard can’t catch breath - vomit sometimes - home schooled because did not do immunizations - whooping cough
Pertussis
Pertussis - confirmed by what
nasal pharyngeal culture positive for Bordetella pertussis
Pertussis - described as
100 day cough
Incubation 7-21 days
4 yr old cough - quiet child and can’t talk in full sentences - breathy - trying to catch breath by expanding chest - hx of wheezing - dad smokes - bad cough every spring and fall and lasts one month or two
Asthma
Increased work of breathing
Wheezes
Asthma - tx
Albuterol nebulizer x 2 in office and instruction for inhaler with a spacer for home use
Prednisolone syrup in divided doses
PO for 7-10 days
Follow up appt next day
Asthma - description
Reversible airway obstruction/airway hyper responsiveness
Bronchoconstriction
Airway inflammation
Mucous formation
Asthma - diagnosis clinical presentation (some genetics) of
Recurrence
Reactivity (trigger)
Responsiveness to BD
