Childhood illness

Question 1

Measles

Answer 1

Fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Maculopapular rash starting behind ears and spreading
Koplik’s spots (red lesions in mouth with white speck like grain of rice)
Supportive mx with fluid and analgesia
(MMR vaccine!)

Question 2

Mumps

Answer 2

Parotitis (one or both parotid glands swelling and inflammation)
Can get meningitis, encephalitis, and orchitis - sometimes pre parotitis
Supportive mx
(MMR vaccine!)

Question 3

Rubella

Answer 3

Occipital and posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
Mild fever, generalised rash, lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis, and arthralgias or arthritis
Milder disease, only really concerning in non-immune pregnant women

Question 4

Parvovirus B19

Answer 4

= erythema infectiosum
‘Slapped cheek’ appearance, then reticular, erythematous eruption mainly found on torso and extremities
Usually mild, bad in haematological conditions eg sickle cell (aplastic crises) or in pregnant women (hydrops fetalis and intrauterine death)

Question 5

Scarlet fever

Answer 5

Group A strep, following tonsilitis/pharyngitis
Triad of sore throat, fever, abdominal rash (diffuse, finely papular, erythematous rash that feels like sandpaper and blanches with pressure). Strawberry tongue.
Notifiable disease
Usually self-resolves, but phenoxymethylpenicillin speeds resolution

Question 6

Kawasaki

Answer 6

= type of vasculitis only in young children
Fever + 5 things - persistent high fever >5days, conjunctivitis, lips and mucosa/strawberry tongue, widespread rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating palms and soles
Risk coronary artery aneurysm/other cardiac complications - needs urgent echo
Treat with IVIG and aspirin