Childhood growth

Question 1

Average size of newborn

Answer 1

50cm

3.3kg

Question 2

Fctors commonly affecting growth

Answer 2

Nutrition
Hormone issues
Genetic disease

Question 3

Name of hand-held record with growth charts every child has

Answer 3

Red book

Question 4

When does height growth tend to finish

Answer 4

12-16 years

Question 5

What are there centiles for

Answer 5

Height
Weight
Head circumfrence
BMI

Question 6

What is height velocity

Answer 6

cm grown per year

Question 7

When is fastest phase of growth post delivery

Answer 7

First 2 years of life- childrens centiles often vary a lot here then become steady

Question 8

When is another major increase in growth

Answer 8

Pubertal growth spurt- occurs as soon as enter puberty

Question 9

For how long does skeleton develop

Answer 9

Until the end of puberty- epiphyses have fused by now and growth will stop

Question 10

What should happen if concerns over childs growth

Answer 10

Measure and record growth accurately for at least a year

Question 11

Main hormonal growth factor

Answer 11

GH

Question 12

What stimulates GH production from pituitary

Answer 12

GHRH from hypothalamus

Question 13

What affects GHRH production

Answer 13

Negative feedback from IGF 1
Psycosocial factors
Age
Health
Puberty

Question 14

When does most GH release occur

Answer 14

Overnight

Question 15

Where does GH bind

Answer 15

Liver to release IGF1
Muscle
Bone

Question 16

Is IGF 1 protein bound in blood

Answer 16

Yes heavily

Question 17

Genetic disorders causing short stature

Answer 17

Turners
Downs
Achondroplasia

Question 18

What effect does thyroid hormone deficiency have on growth

Answer 18

Short stature

Question 19

Genetic disorders leading to overgrowth

Answer 19

Marfans Syndrome

Soto syndrome

Question 20

Cause of very tall child but small adult

Answer 20

Precocious puberty

Question 21

How is obesity assessed in children

Answer 21

Monitoring their BMI centile

Question 22

Clinical history taken when discussing child development

Answer 22

Any issues whilst fetus
Premature birth?
Postnatal issues
Consanguinity

Question 23

How to examine child development issues

Answer 23

Growth parameters
Dysmorphic features
Neurological examination
Systems examination
Standardised development assessments

Question 24

Examples of standardised developmental assessments

Answer 24

Griffiths

SOGSII

Question 25

What is cerebral palsy

Answer 25

Disorder of movement and posture arising from non-progressive lesion of the brain acquired before age of 2 years- 80% of cases antenatal

Question 26

Problems associated with cerebral palsy

Answer 26

``` Learning difficulties Epilepsy Visual impairment Hearing loss Resp problems Feeding issues ```

Question 27

Mangement of cerebral palsy

Answer 27

Minimise spasticity | Manage associated problems

Question 28

Features of autism spectrum disorder

Answer 28

Impaired social interactions Speech and language disorder Imposition of routine- desire for repeated behaviour

Question 29

Common child development issues

Answer 29

ADHD Cerebral palsy Autism spectrum disorder Learning disability

Question 30

Define normal child development

Answer 30

The global impression of a child which encompasses growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behaviour. It serves to endow the child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society.

Question 31

4 domains of normal child development

Answer 31

Gross motor and posture Fine motor and vision Language and hearing Social and emotional behavior