Childhood Disorders Flashcards
Autism Spectrum Disorder
ONSET: early childhood
2 Categories need to be met in order to diagnose:
1) persistent deficit in social interaction
- lack of eye contact
- lacks ability to understand emotions or affect
- abnormal social engagement
- difficulty with friends
- stands out more when in school when expectations are not met
2) restrictive, repetitive patterns in behavior, interests or activities
- motor movement
- repeat what others say
- inflexible functioning
- needs rituals and order
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
ONSET: early childhood
FKA - Aspergers
- deficit in communication only
- no repetitive or inflexible behavior
Specific Learning Disorder
FKA - Learning Disorder
- note specifically which part of learning has issue: reading or writing
- unable to learn in the typical manner
Reading
- phonics awareness: unable to break up words into sounds
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ONSET: symptoms must be present before age 12
- need to show up in 2 settings: school and ____
SYMPTOMS
- inattention or unable to sustain attention
- hyperactivity: squirming, fidgeting, unable to stay seated, lots of energy, excessive talking
- impulsivity: blurting out answers, butting in conversations
- refer out for medication (psychostimulants recommended)
- for ages 6 - 7, refer to psych testing to rule out learning disorder (make sure learning is fine before ADHD is diagnosed)
Language Disorder
- persistent difficulties in acquisition and use of language or words
- reduced vocabulary
- limited word knowledge and use
- limited sentence structure
Speech Sound Disorder
- sound production of speech
- cannot articulate words correctly
- words not formed correctly, run together
- limited pronunciation
Child Onset Fluency Disorder
STUTTERING
- sound and syllable repetition
- sound prolongation
- broken words, pause between words
Tourette’s Disorder
ONSET: symptoms must be present for at least 1 year
- multiple motor tics: motor and vocal present
- at least one or more vocal tics
Persistent Motor / Vocal Tic Disorder
- does not require presence of vocal tic
- need to have one or the other, NOT BOTH
Encopresis
ONSET: must be at least 4 years old
- inappropriately passing feces
- can be involuntary or intentional
Enuresis
ONSET: must be at least 5 years old
- wetting bed or clothes
Separation Anxiety Disorder
ONSET: symptoms must be present for 4 weeks
- developmentally inappropriate and excessive anxiety concerning separation from home or a person of attachment
- marked distress during separation or anticipation of separation
- persistent worry about losing or harm coming to attachment figure
- fear of being kidnapped
- refusal to leave attachment figure
- nightmares about separation
- physical complaints so child can stay close
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
ONSET: symptoms present for 6 months
- if less that 6 months, even with same severity –> UNSPECIFIED ANXIETY DISORDER
- anxiety is more pervasive and general
Selective Mutism
- NOT SPEAKING
- very rare anxiety disorder
- persistent failure to speak in specific social situations, can speak everywhere else
- refuse to speak where speaking is expected
Social Anxiety Disorder
- fear or anxiety of being in social settings
- more broad and pervasive
Reactive Attachment Disorder (Inhibited)
ONSET: before age 5
REQUIRES: early disruptions in caregiving
- lack of connection with caregivers
- withdrawn
- no help seeking behaviors
- be by themselves when upset
- flat affect with few positive engaging emotions
- disengaged
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
ONSET: before age 5
REQUIRES: early disruptions in caregiving
- indiscriminate attachment
- willing to attach to strangers
- attention seeking behavior
- stand out, problematic at school
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
ONSET: common in teenagers
RULE OUT: possible depression
- negative, defiant, disobedient behavior toward adult authority figures
- losing temper, arguing
- refusing to comply with requests or rules
- annoying, blaming others, irritable
- specific to problems with authority
Conduct Disorder
- violation of the basic rights of others
- aggressive: causes or threatens harm to others or animals
- property loss, stealing, damage
- lying
- can have ODD symptoms until it crosses line of law breaking behavior
- precursor to [Anti-Social Personality Disorder cannot be diagnosed until age 18]
Disruptive Mood Disregulation Disorder
ONSET: can only be diagnosed between ages 6 - 18
- parents reporting severe temper outbursts 3 or more / week
- lasting for hours or days –> could be looking at a manic phase
- consistent angry or irritable mood
- can be diagnosed in conjunction with other disorders
- came from overdiagnosis in kids for BiPolar Disorder
