Childhood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Adjustment disorder

A

A psychological response to identifiable stressor(s), with symptoms developing within 3 months of the stressor(s)

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2
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

A behavioral disorder usually manifested before the age of 7 years that includes over activity, chronic inattention, and difficulty dealing with multiple stimuli.
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

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3
Q

Chi

A

Life force

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4
Q

Conduct disorder

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of behavior in which the rights of others are violated and age-appropriate societal norms or rules are disregarded.

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5
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, disobedient, hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures, without going so far as to seriously violate the basic rights of others.

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6
Q

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)

A

A psychiatric disorder characterized by sever and pervasive impairment in reciprocal social interaction and communication skills, usually accompanied by stereotypical behavior, interests, and activities.

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7
Q

Play therapy

A

An intervention that allows a child to symbolically express feelings such as aggression, self-doubt, anxiety, and sadness thought the medium of play.

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8
Q

Principle of least restrictive intervention

A

This principal requires that more-restrictive interventions should be used only after less-restrictive interventions have been attempted to manage the behavior.

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9
Q

Resilience

A

The ability to adapt and cope which helps people to face tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress.

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10
Q

Temperament

A

The style of behavior a child habitually uses to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment

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11
Q

Therapeutic games

A

Games the nurse can play with a child to facilitate the development of a therapeutic relationship and provide opportunity for conversation

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12
Q

Mental retardation

A

Significant subaverage intelligence and maladaptive functioning in at least two areas. Ex. Communication, self care, academic skills, work, health and safety

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13
Q

Predisposing factors for mental retardation

A

Genetics
Infections or toxic agents
Radiation (less common today)
Prenatal dietary deficiencies

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14
Q

Mild retardation

A

Score 50-70

85% of cases. 6th grade skills. Can achieve social and vocational skills

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15
Q

Moderate retardation

A

Score 35-49. 10% of cases. 2nd grade skills. Can be vocationally trained for unskilled and semiskilled work with supervision

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16
Q

Severe retardation

A

Score 20-34. 3-4% of cases. Can. Learn to talk. Some self care skills can be taught. Academic training is ineffective.

17
Q

Profound retardation

A

Score <1-2%. Of cases. Considerable impairment and needs constant supervision.

18
Q

ADHD statistics

A

4-9 times more common in boys.
3-7% of school aged children
60-70% of cases will persist into adulthood

19
Q

ADHD suggestions for parents

A

Maintain a daily schedule
Keep distractions to a minimum
Provide specific and logical places for the child to keep his schoolwork, toys and clothes
Set small, reachable goals
Reward positive behavior
Use charts and checklists to help the child stay on task
Limit choices
Find activities in which the child can be successful
Use calm discipline (time out, distraction, removing the child from the situation)

20
Q

Autism

A

Seems cut off from the world
Self-stimulating behaviors
Lack the ability to empathize

21
Q

ADHD pharmacotherapy

A

Stimulants: Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Dexedrine, adderall. First line treatment for ADHD in children
80% of children will respond to one of the stimulants.

22
Q

Theory of mind

A

the theory for how most humans understand that another person has different desires and feelings.

23
Q

Autism characteristics

A

Social interactions: nonverbal speech; peer relationships; emotional reciprocity
Communication: delayed development; conversation; make-believe play
Stereotyped patterns of behavior: restricted interests; rigid routines; repetitive motor mannerisms; preoccupation with parts.

24
Q

Autism treatment

A

Medication is ineffective

Treatment focuses on behavioral and educational interventions that target the core symptoms of autism.

25
Q

Conduct disorder

A

Persistent patterns of behavior in which the basic rights of others are violated
Classic trait: physical aggression
Two types: 1. Childhood onset (before age 10). 2. Adolescent-onset (after age 10)

26
Q

Conduct disorder behaviors

A

Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness and theft
Serious violation of rules

27
Q

Conduct disorder family influences

A
Parental rejection
Inconsistent, harsh punishment
Early institutional living
Frequent shifting of parental figures
Large family size
Absent father
Parent with antisocial personality disorder or alcoholism
Divorce
Poor communication
Parental permissiveness
28
Q

Oppositional defiant disorder

A

Patterns of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior that don’t meet the criteria for conduct disorder.
Classic traits: denial & passive aggression
Typically begins by 8 years and usually proceeds a conduct disorder
Before puberty boys>girls After puberty boys=girls

29
Q

Tourette’s disorder

A
A "tic" disorder 
Muscular contractions and vocal behaviors
A release of tension
Obscenities 10% of the time
Palilalia & echolalia
30
Q

Palilalia

A

Repeating of self

31
Q

Tourette’s disorder therapy

A

Pharmacologic therapy is most effective when combined with other forms.
First line medications: Clonidine (SE, sedation and hypotension)
Guanfacine (s/e less sedating, longer duration
Risperidone (s/e weight gain, sedation)
Second line medications: Haloperidol (s/e severe)
Primozide (s/e severe >12 yrs); Metoclopramide; Baclofen

32
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

Excessive anxiety concerning separation from the home or parent.
Most commonly diagnosed at age 5 or 6.
Prevalence: 4% of children and young adults.