Childhood Disorders

Question 1

Adjustment disorder

Answer 1

A psychological response to identifiable stressor(s), with symptoms developing within 3 months of the stressor(s)

Question 2

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 2

A behavioral disorder usually manifested before the age of 7 years that includes over activity, chronic inattention, and difficulty dealing with multiple stimuli.
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsivity

Question 3

Chi

Answer 3

Life force

Question 4

Conduct disorder

Answer 4

A psychiatric disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of behavior in which the rights of others are violated and age-appropriate societal norms or rules are disregarded.

Question 5

Oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 5

A psychiatric disorder characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, disobedient, hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures, without going so far as to seriously violate the basic rights of others.

Question 6

Pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)

Answer 6

A psychiatric disorder characterized by sever and pervasive impairment in reciprocal social interaction and communication skills, usually accompanied by stereotypical behavior, interests, and activities.

Question 7

Play therapy

Answer 7

An intervention that allows a child to symbolically express feelings such as aggression, self-doubt, anxiety, and sadness thought the medium of play.

Question 8

Principle of least restrictive intervention

Answer 8

This principal requires that more-restrictive interventions should be used only after less-restrictive interventions have been attempted to manage the behavior.

Question 9

Resilience

Answer 9

The ability to adapt and cope which helps people to face tragedies, loss, trauma, and severe stress.

Question 10

Temperament

Answer 10

The style of behavior a child habitually uses to cope with the demands and expectations of the environment

Question 11

Therapeutic games

Answer 11

Games the nurse can play with a child to facilitate the development of a therapeutic relationship and provide opportunity for conversation

Question 12

Mental retardation

Answer 12

Significant subaverage intelligence and maladaptive functioning in at least two areas. Ex. Communication, self care, academic skills, work, health and safety

Question 13

Predisposing factors for mental retardation

Answer 13

Genetics
Infections or toxic agents
Radiation (less common today)
Prenatal dietary deficiencies

Question 14

Mild retardation

Answer 14

Score 50-70

85% of cases. 6th grade skills. Can achieve social and vocational skills

Question 15

Moderate retardation

Answer 15

Score 35-49. 10% of cases. 2nd grade skills. Can be vocationally trained for unskilled and semiskilled work with supervision

Question 16

Severe retardation

Answer 16

Score 20-34. 3-4% of cases. Can. Learn to talk. Some self care skills can be taught. Academic training is ineffective.

Question 17

Profound retardation

Answer 17

Score <1-2%. Of cases. Considerable impairment and needs constant supervision.

Question 18

ADHD statistics

Answer 18

4-9 times more common in boys.
3-7% of school aged children
60-70% of cases will persist into adulthood

Question 19

ADHD suggestions for parents

Answer 19

Maintain a daily schedule
Keep distractions to a minimum
Provide specific and logical places for the child to keep his schoolwork, toys and clothes
Set small, reachable goals
Reward positive behavior
Use charts and checklists to help the child stay on task
Limit choices
Find activities in which the child can be successful
Use calm discipline (time out, distraction, removing the child from the situation)

Question 20

Autism

Answer 20

Seems cut off from the world
Self-stimulating behaviors
Lack the ability to empathize

Question 21

ADHD pharmacotherapy

Answer 21

Stimulants: Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Dexedrine, adderall. First line treatment for ADHD in children
80% of children will respond to one of the stimulants.

Question 22

Theory of mind

Answer 22

the theory for how most humans understand that another person has different desires and feelings.

Question 23

Autism characteristics

Answer 23

Social interactions: nonverbal speech; peer relationships; emotional reciprocity
Communication: delayed development; conversation; make-believe play
Stereotyped patterns of behavior: restricted interests; rigid routines; repetitive motor mannerisms; preoccupation with parts.

Question 24

Autism treatment

Answer 24

Medication is ineffective

Treatment focuses on behavioral and educational interventions that target the core symptoms of autism.

Question 25

Conduct disorder

Answer 25

Persistent patterns of behavior in which the basic rights of others are violated
Classic trait: physical aggression
Two types: 1. Childhood onset (before age 10). 2. Adolescent-onset (after age 10)

Question 26

Conduct disorder behaviors

Answer 26

Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness and theft
Serious violation of rules

Question 27

Conduct disorder family influences

Answer 27

Parental rejection
Inconsistent, harsh punishment
Early institutional living
Frequent shifting of parental figures
Large family size
Absent father
Parent with antisocial personality disorder or alcoholism
Divorce
Poor communication
Parental permissiveness

Question 28

Oppositional defiant disorder

Answer 28

Patterns of defiant, angry, antagonistic, hostile, irritable, or vindictive behavior that don’t meet the criteria for conduct disorder.
Classic traits: denial & passive aggression
Typically begins by 8 years and usually proceeds a conduct disorder
Before puberty boys>girls After puberty boys=girls

Question 29

Tourette’s disorder

Answer 29

A "tic" disorder 
Muscular contractions and vocal behaviors
A release of tension
Obscenities 10% of the time
Palilalia & echolalia

Question 30

Palilalia

Answer 30

Repeating of self

Question 31

Tourette’s disorder therapy

Answer 31

Pharmacologic therapy is most effective when combined with other forms.
First line medications: Clonidine (SE, sedation and hypotension)
Guanfacine (s/e less sedating, longer duration
Risperidone (s/e weight gain, sedation)
Second line medications: Haloperidol (s/e severe)
Primozide (s/e severe >12 yrs); Metoclopramide; Baclofen

Question 32

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Answer 32

Excessive anxiety concerning separation from the home or parent.
Most commonly diagnosed at age 5 or 6.
Prevalence: 4% of children and young adults.