Childhood disorders Flashcards
neurological findings in autistic children
enlargement in temporal lobe
frontal & occipital increase in the surface area
impairment in the connectivity in the brain
neurotransmitters have a role
though serotonin & epinephrine & dopamine are under research at this time
physiological findings in autistic children
fragile X maternal rubella congenital hypothyroidism PKU down syndrome
perinatal influences in autistic children
mom suffered from asthma & allergies
theory: mom having the flu during pregnancy
clinical picture for autistic children. their impairment in communication and imaginative activity are shown in what 5 ways
both verbal & non-verbal affected language may not be present utterances inappropriate/absent facial expressions cannot imaginative play
childhood disorder in which child is fascinated with ceiling fans
autistic
3 characteristics of autistic children
- repetitive body movements/words (sways back and forth)
- adherence to routine with diet
- head banging/bites
what can you do to an autistic child while he is banging his head against the wall?
divert his attention
2 drugs: autism
Risperdal
Abilify
what do the drugs in autistic children help with?
aggression
self-injury
temper tantrums
ADHD criteria
at least 6 symptoms for at least 6 months
2 issues with ADHD
inattention and hypersensitivity
biochemical issue found in ADHD
decreased dopamine and decreased epinephrine
ADHD have prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal influences, name them (8)
smoking FAS Premature fetal distress prolonged labor low APGAR cerebral palsy epilepsy
environmental findings in ADHD
exposure to lead
diet in ADHD
Feingolds
psychosocial influences: ADHD
stress in child mom: mental d/o dad: criminal child: foster care alcoholism in family
theory behind giving stimulants to ADHD children
wear them out in the AM and sleep better at PM
meds: ADHD
dexadrine (dextroamphetamine sulfate) Adderall (dextroamphetamine/amphetamine) Ritalin/Concerta (methylphenidate) Focalin (dexmethylphenidate) Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine)
SNRI in ADHD
strattera (atomoxetine)
Strattera action in ADHD
increases norepinephrine
Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonist in ADHD
Intuniv (Guanfacine)
what value must you have before administering Intuniv (Guanfacine)?
BP
SE: stimulants
wt loss palpitations tachycardia overstimulation insomnia tolerance, dependence seizures new/worsen psychotic symptoms
SE: strattera
palpitations anorexia wt loss N/V constipation liver damage
what value do you have when administering strattera
liver enzymes
what must you watch for in the patient when using strattera?
worsen already present psychotic symptoms
SE: Intuniv (guanfacine)
constipation
dry mouth
block sns causes sedation
rebound syndrome if abruptly withdrawn
what medication must you look out for rebound syndrome?
Intuniv (Guanfacine)
children dx with conduct disorder often have parents with what kind of personality?
antisocial
shifting of parenteral figures, large family sizes, absent father are characteristics one might find when dx a child with what disorder?
conduct disorder
childhood onset type and adolescent onset type
conduct disorder
peer rejection and parental rejection occur in what childhood disorder?
conduct disorder
family influences for conduct disorder
parental rejection/inconsistency
genetics, temperament, and biochemical factors for conduct disorders
specific chromosomes
at age 3, child has a very challenging temperament
norepinephrine & serotonin and testosterone are high
conduct d/o criteria
1 criteria in last 6 months and 3 or more in the last 12 months
age of conduct d/o children
13 years or younger
family influences in ODD
parents have a px with limit setting and discipline
defiant themselves
absent parents
ODD criteria
4 or more in the last 6 months
ODD s&S
negative hostile loses temper argues with adults/authority figures annoys people angry revengeful blames others for their mistakes/never their fault
tourette’s d/o
never tic free for more than 3 months
onset for tourettes
before age 18
common tics for tourettes
facial grimacing shoulder shrugging hopping deep knee bends twirling retracing their steps
meds for tourettes
haldol
clonidine
separation anxiety d/o criteria
3 or more symptoms for at least 4 weeks and under 18 years
s&s separation anxiety
clingy terrified of being away from item/person worry losing figure fear of being alone worry about an event that will lead to separation refusal to go to sleep nightmares physical symptoms association with separation
