Childhood Development Flashcards
What are 4 language changes that occur from birth - 3 months
Responds to sound, distinguishes speech sounds, cooing, turn taking with caregivers
What are 4 motor changes that occur from birth - 3 months?
Balance head, lifts by arms, reaches for objects, primitive reflexes disappear by first year
What are 2 motor changes that occur by 6 months?
Turns over (5 months) Sits upright
What are 3 language changes that occur by 6 months?
Distinguishes friendly from unfriendly voices, babbling, expression of needs
What are 5 motor changes that occur by 1 year?
Stands, crawls, walks, builds, pincer grasp
What are 2 motor changes that occur by 1 year?
First words, words connected to meanings
What are 6 motor changes that occur by 2.5 years?
Sphincter control, laterality appears, jumps, scribbles, stands on one foot, throws and kicks ball
What language changes occur by 2.5 years?
Up to 250 word vocabulary, first 2 word sentence
What 4 motor skills occur from years 3-5
Rides tricycle, copies circles, fine motor skills develop, use of pencils and scissors
What 4 language changes occur by years 3-5?
Subtleties of tone and inflection, complete sentences (age 3), vocabulary go from 900 words (age 3) to 4000 words (age 5), end of baby talk
When does a child develop object permanence?
8-12 months
In the Mahler scale what phase is associated with the first six weeks of life?
Autistic phase
In the Mahler scale what phase is associated with 6 weeks - 8 months?
Symbiosis with care giver
In the Mahler scale what phase is associated with 5 months - 1 year?
Differentiation
In the Mahler scale what phase is associated with 18 months - 2 years?
Rapprochement
In the Erikson scale what stage is correlated with 0-1 years?
Trust vs Mistrust
In the Erikson scale what stage is correlated with 1-3 years?
Autonomy vs Shame
In the Erikson scale what stage is correlated with 3-5 years?
Initiative vs Guilt
In the Erikson scale what stage is correlated with 6-13 years?
Industry vs inferiority
In the Erikson scale what stage is correlated with 13-21 years?
Identify vs role confusion
What are 4 hallmarks of the attachment theory?
Attachment system is prewired, relies upon responsive environment, hierarchies of attachment, system prewired to be turned off
A toddler will explore freely while the caregiver is present, typically engages with strangers, is often visibly upset when the caregiver departs, and is generally happy to see the caregiver return describes what?
Secure attachment
A toddler will typically explore little (in the Strange Situation) and is often wary of strangers, even when the parent is present. When the mother departs, the child is often highly distressed. The child is generally ambivalent when she returns describes what?
Resistant (insecure) attachment
A toddler will avoid or ignore the caregiver — showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns. The child will not explore very much regardless of who is there describes what?
Avoidant
What Piaget stage occurs from 0-2 years
Sensorimotor
Babies are egocentric (refuted by recent research) during what time period?
0-1 month
Babies look for partially hidden objects during what time period?
4-8 months
Babies develop object permanence, find hidden objects and play peek a boo during what time period
8-12 months
Toddlers drop objects during what time period?
12-18 months
Toddlers develop mental representation, make believe and have memory of objects during what time period?
18 months - 2 years
What Piaget stages occurs from 2-5 years?
Preoperational
What are 5 hallmarks of the preoperational phase?
Egocentric, animistic, centration (hooked on things), irreversibility, transductive reasoning
What Piaget stage occurs from 7-11 years?
Concrete operational
What are 4 hallmarks of the concrete operational stage?
Reversibility, conservation of mass, volume, number, can play games backward/forward, clay=clay, 5=5, liquid=liquid
What Piaget stage occurs from 11-19 years?
Formal operations
What are a few hallmarks of the formal operation stage?
Hypothetical deductive reasoning, imaginary audience, personal fable, propositional thinking, quick thinking of excuse, everyone is looking at them, inflated self opinion, emergence of logic
In Piaget moral development what stage occurs from 4-7 years?
Heteronomous (rules are fixed, no concept of motive rigidity)
In Piaget moral development what stage occurs from 7-11 years?
Autonomous ( flexibility of rules, punishment adjusted to crime)
In Kohlbergs 6 stages of moral development what are 2 hallmarks that occur from age 7-9?
1-punishment and obedience,moral decisions rooted in fear of consequences
2-relativistic orientation from fear of punishment to concern for fairness
In Kohlbergs 6 stages of moral development what are 2 hallmarks that occur from age 9-12?
3-social approval level
4-maintains laws if system, move from what us fair to some appreciation of what society needs
In Kohlbergs 6 stages of moral development what are 2 hallmarks that occur from preteen to adulthood?
5-good for society is paramount
6-universal ethics, focus on justice, recognition of others moral standards in decision making
