Childhood And Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
True or false it is more difficult to diagnose a young person with a psychiatric disorder then an older person?
True
How many children in the United States have a major mental illness?
One in five
Two thirds of all young people with mental health problems are lacking what?
Treatment
What are six factors of mental health in children?
Genetic, brain development and biochemicals, temperament, resilience, environmental factors, cultural considerations.
What are six environmental risk factors for a child to develop a mental health disorder?
- A parent who has a mental disorder
- History of abuse/neglect
- Witnessed violence
- Family system dysfunctions or substance-abuse
- Effects from a divorce
- Bullying
When doing an assessment on a child that is suspected to have a mental health disorder what is important to assess?
Developmental assessment, look at milestone such as walking, talking, toilet training.
What are motor disorders?
Stereotypic movement disorders are repetitive purposeless movements, gestures, or utterances.
When do movement disorders begin?
In the first three years of life.
True or false most movement disorders resolve overtime or symptoms can be suppressed?
True
What is a treatment for motor disorders?
Behavioral therapy to reverse the habit.
____ percentage of young adults are diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder between what ages?
75%
11 to 18 yro
Define tic disorders.
Sudden, rapid, recurrent nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization.
At what age do tic disorders occur.
Onset occurs between ages 2 to 7 but most present before 18 years.
What is Tourette’s?
Motor tics and one or more vocal tic lasting one year or longer.
What two medications are FDA approved for Tourette’s?
Haldol Orap (pimozide)
What is Botox used for Tourette’s?
To calm muscles associated with tics.
True or false deep brain stimulation is a primary treatment for Tourette’s?
False deep brain stimulation is a last resort.
What is the correct way of saying mental retardation?
Intellectual development disorder
Patients who have an intellectual development disorder will exhibit what signs and symptoms?
Intellectual functioning deficit, social focusing deficit, deficits managing age-appropriate activities of daily living, functioning at school or work, and performing self-care.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts.
What are three categories of type 1 autism spectrum disorders?
- Deficits in social/emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal communication behaviors use for social interaction.
- Deficits in developing maintaining an understanding, relationships
An individual that suffers from a type 1 autism spectrum disorder, specifically a deficit in social emotional reciprocity, Will exhibit what behaviors?
Failure of back-and-forth communication, failure to respond in social interactions.
An individual that suffers from a type 1 autism spectrum disorder, specifically a deficit in nonverbal communication behaviors use for social interactions, will exhibit what behaviors?
Poorly integrated verbal and nonverbal communication, total lack of facial expressions and nonverbal communication.
An individual that has a type 1 autism spectrum disorder, specifically a deficit in developing maintaining an understanding relationships, will exhibit what behaviors?
Difficulties adjusting behavior to suit various social contexts, may be an absence of interest in Peers.
Define type two autism spectrum disorder?
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
What are symptoms of a type two autism spectrum disorder?
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements
- Insistence in shameless, ritualized patterns
- Highly restricted, fixated interests
- Hyper-or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
When do symptoms typically appear for an autism spectrum disorder?
Within the first three years of life. Specifically year two.
What is the concordance rate of autism and identical twins?
70 to 90%
What is the autism spectrum disorder severity based on?
The social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior
How much support does a level one autism spectrum disorder child require?
They require little support
How much support does a level two autism spectrum disorder child require?
They require substantial support
How much support does a level III autism spectrum disorder child require?
They require very substantial support
For a child with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosed with impaired social interaction what is the desired outcome?
Follow simple rules of interactive games with peers
For a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder specifically impaired verbal communication what is a desired outcome?
Speech understood by strangers.
For a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders specifically delayed growth and development, what is a desired outcome?
Express emotions during play activities
What is the treatment for autism spectrum disorder?
Early intervention and specialized behavioral and educational programs. Includes rewards, structure.
What types of medications are used for autism spectrum disorders?
Second-generation antipsychotics and SSRIs
How do you evaluate and autism spectrum disorder?
You evaluate using a strength-based approach, evaluating what is working for the child
What is ADHD?
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
What are the signs and symptoms of ADHD?
Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity
To be diagnosed with ADHD The symptoms must be present in how many settings and begin before what age?
Symptoms must be present in at least two settings and begin before age 12
The assessment for ADHD includes what three things?
- Relationship between child and parents/caregiver
- Development competencies
- Level A physical activity, attention span, talkativeness
What are three desired outcomes for the patient with ADHD?
Remain safe, learns effective coping methods, developed friendships with peers
What are four techniques for managing disruptive behaviors of ADHD?
Behavior contract, limit setting, planned ignoring, use of signals and gestures
The evaluation of ADHD client focuses on what?
The symptoms patterns and severity
Is ADHD chronic or acute?
Chronic, the patient may have symptoms as an adult
What are general interventions for children and adolescents with ADHD?
Family therapy, parent-child interaction therapy, psychodynamic therapy, group therapy, behavioral therapy, play therapy, therapeutic drying, journaling, music therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, disruptive behavior management
What does play therapy do for the child with ADHD?
Play therapy brings hidden emotions to the surface
