child written language acquisition Flashcards
what is the first stage of writing?
emergent literacy
what are the features of emergent literacy
graphological patterns
left-right / top-bottom conventions
ascenders/descenders
understand word gaps
____ says that early writing helps children to grasp 7 principles of development
clay
what are the clay’s first three principles?
recurring principle (limited letters and therefore repeated)
directional principle (left-right principle, ‘return sweep’ to do this again)
generating principle (child begins to recognise patterns that can be used to convey messages)
what are clays last 4 principles ?
inventory principle (child writes letters and words they know as a summary of their learning)
functional principle (notion that writing serves purpose and function)
Linguistic principle (the notion that writing is a system that has directionality)
the relational principle (children start to connect writing to spoken words and understand alphabet)
there are 10 basic skills for writing. name the first 5.
motor skills.
the ability to form upper and lower case letters
know the importance of letter directionality e.g d,b
cursive so they can learn to join phonemes(understand spacing)
the ability to recognise diagraphs (ch, sh)
there are 10 basic skills of writing. name the last 5
lineation (straight lines and spaced words)
punctuation; understanding that writing needs a comma, a full stop. where they pause when they speak
the ability to plan writing ahead
the ability to use form and conventions
the ability to monitor their own writing.
there are 7 stages of children’s writing which are:
drawing and sign writing
letter-like forms
copied letters
child’s name and strings of letters
words
sentences
text
what are drawing and sign writing?
drawing and sign writing are signs of children acknowledging that we use marks to convey meaning from writer to reader
what are letter-like forms and copied letters?
individual signs that have letter-like features.
written letters that are sufficiently accurate enough to be recognised.
child-names and strings of letters:
child independently writes strings of letters, usually their own name. these are sight words and pre phoneme-grapheme understanding.
what is the stage when they start creating words characterised by?
poor spelling
phoneme-grapheme understanding developing
the threshold to literacy is crossed
what point is the child at when they can write sentences?
they have learnt to write confidently. they can begin to express ideas in writing .
use clauses and sentences
however, they do this without capital letters and full stops systematically.
how is text used.
in writing that involves combining clauses or sentences to express related ideas
who comes up with a 7 stages in children’s writing?
Barclay
what are Barclays first 4 stages of writing?
scribbling; random marks on a page.
mock handwriting; appears with drawings.
mock letters; children make letter-like shapes resembling conventional alphabet letters.
conventional letters; the first word to appear being the child’s name.
what are Barclays last 3 stages?
invented spelling - conventional letters clustered to create words
approximated or phonetic spelling; children begin to associate sounds with letters. create words.
conventional spelling; this occurs as the child’s approximated spelling becomes more conventional.
who comes up with their 4 phases of written language acquisition?
Kroll
what are the first two stages of Kroll’s phases
Preparatory Stage: (up to 6) where the child masters necessary motor skills
(from 7-8) Consolidation Stage: child writes as it speaks
mainly ‘and’ conjunctions with short declaratives commonly
incomplete sentences as they are limited by knowledge
what are the last two stages of Kroll’s phases
differentiation: child distinguishes between speaking and writing,
recognition of different styles of writing, mistakes rampant. framework provided. 9-10
integration stage
child develops own style, and understands that it can be adapted purposefully. 12+
________ says adults act as more knowledgeable others in writing
Vygotsky
Vygotsky says adults provide what for children? (in order to push them to the zone of proximal development)
scaffolding
what features do children need to understand when writing successfully for a specific genre?
the right lexis and grammatical formations
the right register for the audience
identify purpose of texts
what features do children need to understand in letters?
vocatives and valedictions
who comes up with their essential features of children’s writing?
rothery
what is rothery’s first category?
observation/comment
when the child makes an observation (i saw a tiger)
and follows this up with an evaluation (it was very fat)
what is rothery’s second category?
recount
a recollection of events . this develops ideas of structures and chronology.
orientation-event-reorientation.
the name of rothery’s third category is…
report. this is a factual description of events or something, which is not typically chronological.
rothery’s final category is …
a narrative. this is a story genre where the scene is set for events to occur and be resolved at the end.
orientation-complication-resolution.
who comes up with their modes of categorising functions of childrens writing
Britton
what is brittons first mode?
expressive writing- writing about personal experience or feelings
use of the first person. similar to observation/comment
the name of Brittons second mode is the…
poetic mode. these use pphonological features as rhyme,rythmn and alliteration. descriptive devices as adjectives and similies
Brittons third mode is the
transactional mode. this is impersonal and typically academic. the u the third person is employed. formal structures and graphological features are used
