Child Witnesses

Question 1

Infantile Amnesia

Answer 1

people have fewer memories for their earliest years of life

Question 2

Cognitive scripts

Answer 2

assists in organization and retrieval of information common to event episodes

Question 3

Source monitoring errors

Answer 3

• Don’t know the source of a memory

- don’t know if it happened to you, someone told you about it, or if it happened at a different time

Question 4

Intrusion Errors

Answer 4

• Consequently report non-target details as having occurred in target event
• When one instance involves specific details and when another involves other specific details

Question 5

False Memory

Answer 5

• quintessential episodic phenomena

- remember specific events as having happened during some passage of life, when the events did not happen then, if ever

Question 6

Four Types of Interviewing Prompts

Answer 6

1. Facilitator: non-suggestive to continue with an on-going response
2. Invitation: open-ended request to recall information about the event
3. Cued-invitation: refocuses attention on details to prompt further free recall

“You mentioned ___. Tell me more about that”

4. Directive: cued-recall prompt that focuses on something that was already mentioned; 5W’s.

Question 7

Suggestive questioning

Answer 7

introduce new information into an interview when child has not provided that information

Question 8

Implication of Confirmation

Answer 8

telling child that the interviewer has already obtained information from another child/children

Question 9

Use of positive or negative consequences

Answer 9

• Positive: giving or promising praise and other rewards
• Negative: criticism of a child’s statement or a general indication that it was inadequate or disappointing
• NOT positive and negative reinforcement

Question 10

Repeated questioning

Answer 10

• children tend to change their answers to repeated, forced-choice questions but not to repeated open-ended questions

Question 11

Inviting speculation

Answer 11

• child asked to pretend or figure something out

- ‘What do you think it would have felt like?’

Question 12

the elimination line up

Answer 12

1. Relative judgement: which looks most like the person?

2. Absolute: Is this the person?

Question 13

4 Types of Maltreatment

Answer 13

Physical : application of force to a child to cause injury

Sexual: an adult uses a child for sexual purposes

Neglect: A child is not provided with requisite attention to meet the child’s needs

Emotional: acts or omissions that could cause serious harm to a child