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Child Psychology > Child Psych - Test #1 > Flashcards

Child Psych - Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q 
Biological: 
Maturational Theory (Gesell)
A

Everything is a result of child’s biological makeup

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2
Q 
Biological: 
Ethological Theory (Lorenz)
A

Behaviours are inherited to achieve survival - imprinting and attachment
- Duck experiment

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3
Q 
Psychodynamic: 
Psychosexual Theory (Freud)
A
  1. Oral
  2. Anal
  3. Phallic
  4. Latent
  5. Genital
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4
Q 
Psychodynamic: 
Personality Theory (Freud)
A

Ego balances Id (devil) and Superego (angel)

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5
Q

Psychodynamic:

Psychosocial (Erikson)

A
  1. Trust vs mistrust - feeling safe
  2. Autonomy vs doubt - independence
  3. Initiative vs guilt - trying new things
  4. Industry vs inferiority - learn basic skills
  5. Identity vs identity crisis - develop sense of self
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6
Q 
Learning: 
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov & Watson)
A

Associates unconditioned stimulus that results in response with a conditioned stimulus.

  • Pavlov’s dog - associative learning
  • Little Albert - condition to feel something to previously neutral thing
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7
Q 
Learning: 
Operant Conditioning (B.F. Skinner)
A

Learn through reward and punishment for behaviour.

- Skinner box

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8
Q

Learning:

Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)

A

Behaviour is learned through observational learning.

- Bobo the doll

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9
Q

Cognitive Development (Piaget)

A

Cognitive development occurs due to biological maturation - Logic!
- Piaget’s experiment with liquid in containers & coins lined up

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10
Q 
Contextual: 
Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky & Brofenbrenner)
A

Stresses the interaction between developing people.

  • Vygotsky - Adults teach culture.
  • Brofenbenner - Everything in a child and they environment affects how they develop (siblings, friends, etc.)
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11
Q

Data Collection:

Reports vs Observation vs Tasks

A

Reports- questionnaire or interview
Observe - spy or in setting/lab
Task - colour perception, memory, recognize emotions…

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12
Q

Research Designs:

Correlation vs Experiment

A

Correlation - relationship between two things

Experiment - you control a variable, not solely observe

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13
Q

Methods for Studying Development:

Longitudinal vs Cross-Sectional vs Sequential

A

Longitudinal - same age & tested +1
Cross-Sectional - different ages & tested 1
Sequential - different ages & tested +1

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14
Q

Genotype vs Phenotype

A

Genotype: Set of genes we carry
Phenotype: All our observable characteristics

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15
Q

Gene

A

A pair of alleles

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16
Q

Homozygoys vs Heterozygous

A

Homo: Identical alleles
Hetero: Different alleles

17
Q

Dominant Allele vs Recessive Allele

A

Dominant: Leader
Recessive: Follower

18
Q

Sickle Cell Trait

A

Condition where a person has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobin beta gene.
* Sickle cell disease = 2 copies of this allele

19
Q

Single Gene vs Polygenic Inheritance

A

Single: Controlled by one gene.
Polygenic: Controlled by 2+ genes - each gene often has two or more alleles.

20
Q

How to study behavioural genetics?

A

Twins or Adoption

21
Q

Strong cases for inheritance

A
  • Intelligence
  • Psychological disorders
  • Personality
22
Q

Inherited Disorders

A

Usually consist of 2 recessive alleles.

- Albinism, PKU, Tay-Sachs, Cystic Fibrosis, Huntington’s

23
Q

Abnormal Chromosomes - Disorders

A

Either too many, too few, or damaged chromosomes.
- Down Syndrome (extra 1)
Either missing or extra sex chromosomes.
- Height, sex, characteristic, and cognitions…

24
Q

Reaction Range

A

When the phenotype of an organism depends both on the organism’s genetic characteristics (genotype) and environment.

25
Q

Stage #1 of Prenatal Development

A

Zygote:

  • Egg fertilized in fallopian
  • Rapid cell division
  • Zygote implanted in uterus wall
26
Q

Stage #2 of Prenatal Development

A

Embryo:

  • Body parts are formed
  • Embryo in amniotic sac
  • Umbilical cord joins embryo to placenta
  • 6wks = apple seed, 7wks = grape, 8wks = strawberry
27
Q

Stage #3 of Prenatal Development

A

Fetus:

  • Increase in size and systems function
  • Age of viability = 22-28 wks
28
Q

Risk Factors of Pregnancy

A
  1. Nutrition
  2. Stress
  3. Mother’s Age
  4. Teratogens:
    - Infections and diseases
    - Drugs/Medications
    - Environmental hazards
29
Q

Prenatal Disgnosis & Treatment

A
  • Deformities and genetic disorders = ultrasound, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis
  • Fetal medicine and surgery
30
Q

Labour & Delivery Stages

A 
#1: Uterus contracts, cervix enlarges
#2: Baby is pushed down birth canal, baby is born
#3: Placenta is expelled
31
Q

Birth Complications

A
  • Lack of O2 or baby’s position = C- Section
  • Placental abruption
  • Premature (< 38wks)
  • Small-for-date (low lbs)
32
Q

4 Primary States

A
  1. Alert inactivity
  2. Waking activity
  3. Crying
  4. Sleeping

Child Psychology (4 decks)

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