Child Prosthetics Flashcards
What is a passive prosthetic?
It provides something other than the functionality of picking something up (e.g. make somebody feel more confident)
What is an adjustable passive prosthetic?
Same as a passive prosthetic but the user can adjust parts of it (e.g. the thumb)
What is a functional prosthetic?
It is functional and body powered (e.g use the wrist to open and close the hand)
What is a myoelectroc prosthetic?
It reads the muscle activity from the arm and uses that to control the hand
What powers hand prosthetics?
The majority of hand prosthetics are body powered
What powers forearm prosthetics?
The majority of them are externally powered, some are body powered
What powers upper arm prosthetics?
The majority are externally powered
How much control do passive static and passive adjustable devices have ?
No control
How much control do body powered devices have?
Majority controlled by the wrist and a small amount are elbow and shoulder harness controlled
Which type of control do externally devices have?
Majority have EMG control (sensors on the arm), some have EEG control (from the brain)
What force distribution do 3D printed hands have?
Majority is equal force (objects can slip out), then some have independent force (most beneficial to model hand more accurately) , minimal have distributed force
What are the findings about 3D printed hands?
- good for individualisation, e.g. for children being able to change the colour, shape and size
- data on user acceptance, functionality and durability is lacking (there is a huge amount of data on what devices exist, there’s a certain degree of data on what tests have been done, but there is not much info on what happens after the devices go)
- 3D-printing is not necessarily the cheapest option, injection moulding is cheaper
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of costs?
Cost (+ print new parts as child grows, - assumes access to printer)
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of social?
+ promote confidence
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of design?
+ colourful and appealing
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of models?
+ can be customised to recipient
- often very task specific
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of open source?
+ free and often updated (anyone can get involved)
- not regulated/ tested
What are the Pro’s and Con’s of 3D printing in terms of impact?
+ lightweight and child friendly
- Lomb functional and quality of life not necessarily improved)
3D printed summary
In the absence of evidence no conclusions can be drawn
Rapidly growing area
Info on congenital limb loss
- Effect 1 in every 2500 births
- The majority is unilateral trans-radial (somewhere between wrist and elbow)
- Likely causes are mutation or vascular compromise
- Make up about 94% of paediatric referrals
Describe the process of prosthesis fitting
First fit with passive, the passive adjustable, then functional
What does a passive do?
Trains the child to use both hands and supports brain development
- must be regarded as an extension of the residual tissue (encourages motor learning)
- should swing naturally and be placed spontaneously (integration of the prosthetic into the body schema)
What does a passive adjustable do?
Used to encourage functional use of the prosthetic
What does functional do?
Reduce overuse and facilitate independence
- maintains muscle mass in residual limb
- prevents compensatory movements
